Neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension related to sensorimotor monitoring as shown by corticomuscular coherence

Divekar, Nikhil; John, L.R.

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.019

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Isometric torque values measured with our MyoWrist dynamometer were in agreement with the wrist flexion and extension torques obtained in previous studies with the same device [ 17 ] or with other systems, at least for young men between 20 and 25 years old [ 20 , 21 ] or lower [ 10 ]. As previously observed for healthy subjects between 8 and 28 years old [ 17 ], no systematic relationship between hand dominance and wrist flexion and extension strength was demonstrated by our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Wrist flexion and extension torques measured by highly sensitive dynamometer in healthy subjects from 5 to 80 years

Decostre

Canal

Ollivier

et al. 2015

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundWrist movements become impaired with disease progression in various neuromuscular disorders. With the development of new therapies, thorough measurement of muscle strength is crucial to document natural disease progression and to assess treatment efficacy. We developed a new dynamometer enabling wrist flexion and extension torque measurement with high sensitivity. The aims of the present study were to collect norms for healthy children and adults, to compute predictive equations, to assess the reliability of the measurements and to test the feasibility of using the device in patients with a neuromuscular disease.MethodsThe peak isometric torque of wrist flexion and extension was measured with the MyoWrist dynamometer in 345 healthy subjects aged between 5 and 80 years old and in 9 patients with limb girdle muscle dystrophy type 2 C (LGMD2C) aged between 16 and 38 years old.ResultsPredictive equations are proposed for the wrist flexion and extension strength in children and adults. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was good with ICCs higher than 0.9 for both wrist flexion and extension. However, retest values were significantly higher by 4% than test results. The dynamometer was applied with no difficulty to patients with LGMD2C and was sensitive enough to detect strength as weak as 0.82 N.m. From our models, we quantified the mean strength of wrist extension in LGMD2C patients to 39 ± 17% of their predicted values.ConclusionsThe MyoWrist dynamometer provides reliable and sensitive measurement of both wrist flexion and extension torques. However, a training session is recommended before starting a study as a small but significant learning effect was observed. Strength deficit can be quantified from predictive equations that were computed from norms of healthy children and adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Wrist flexion and extension torques measured by highly sensitive dynamometer in healthy subjects from 5 to 80 years

Decostre

Canal

Ollivier

et al. 2015

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Although some studies have found that higher SMR power was related to superior attentional performance (Egner & Gruzelier, 2001Hoedlmoser et al, 2008), others have indicated that SMR was not essential in musical performance or for an audiovisual Go/NoGo cursor movement task (Boulay, Sarnacki, Wolpaw, & McFarland, 2011). Additionally, EEG provides real-time cortical processing information during motor performance (Divekar & John, 2013), but it is limited in its ability to generate information on how the sensorimotor cortex works with the other relevant regions during motor execution (Thompson, Steffert, Ros, Leach, & Gruzelier, 2008). The functional role of SMR requires more specification, and neuroimaging tools, such as fMRI, can be incorporated to generate a more complete understanding of the function of the sensorimotor cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing

Cheng

Hung

Huang

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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a b s t r a c tPrevious evidence suggests that augmented sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity is related to the superior regulation of processing cognitive-motor information in motor performance. However, no published studies have examined the relationship between SMR and performance in precision sports; thus, this study examined the relationship between SMR activity and the level of skilled performance in tasks requiring high levels of attention (e.g., dart throwing). We hypothesized that skilled performance would be associated with higher SMR activity. Fourteen dart-throwing experts and eleven novices were recruited. Participants were requested to perform 60 dart throws while EEG was recorded. The 2(Group: Expert, Novice) × 2(Time window: −2000 ms to −1000 ms, −1000 ms to 0 ms) ANOVA showed that the dart-throwing experts maintained a relatively higher SMR power than the novices before dart release. These results suggest that SMR might reflect the adaptive regulation of cognitive-motor processing during the preparatory period.

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“…For example, forehand tennis serves are more accurate than backhand serves (Mavvidis et al . ), finger flexion movements show increased individuation compared to extension (Schieber, ) and finger flexion forces are more precise than extension (Divekar & John, ). The molecular mechanisms required for synaptic plasticity are complex; from an evolutionary perspective, there might be no advantage in deploying these systems for muscle groups that are mostly called upon to make stereotyped movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hierarchy of corticospinal plasticity in human hand and forearm muscles

Foysal

Baker

2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Pairing stimulation of a finger flexor or extensor muscle at the motor point with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex generated plastic changes in motor output. Increases in output were greater in intrinsic hand muscles than in the finger flexor. No changes occurred in the finger extensor. This gradient was seen irrespective of which muscle was stimulated paired with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Intermittent theta‐burst stimulation also produced increases in output, although these were similar across muscles. We suggest that intrinsic hand and flexor muscles have a higher potential to show plasticity than extensors, although only when plasticity is induced by sensory input. This may relate to differences seen in recovery of function in these muscles after injury, such as post‐stroke. Abstract The ability of the motor system to show plastic change underlies skill learning and also permits recovery after injury. One puzzling observation is that, after stroke, upper limb flexor muscles show good recovery but extensors remain weak, with this being a major contributor to residual disability. We hypothesized that there might be differences in potential for plasticity across hand and forearm muscles. In the present study, we investigated this using two protocols based on transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) in healthy human subjects. Baseline TMS responses were recorded from two intrinsic hand muscles: flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC). In the first study, paired associative stimulation (PAS) was delivered by pairing motor point stimulation of FDS or EDC with TMS. Responses were then remeasured. Increases were greatest in the hand muscles, smaller in FDS and non‐significant in EDC, irrespective of whether stimulation of FDS or EDC was used. In the second study, intermittent theta‐burst rapid rate TMS was applied instead of PAS. In this case, all muscles showed similar increases in TMS responses. We conclude that the potential to show plastic changes in motor cortical output has the gradient: hand muscles > flexors > extensors. However, this was only seen in a protocol that requires integration of sensory input (PAS) and not when plasticity was induced purely by cortical stimulation (rapid rate TMS). This observation may relate to why functional recovery tends to favour flexor and hand muscles over extensors.

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Neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension related to sensorimotor monitoring as shown by corticomuscular coherence

Cited by 36 publications

References 49 publications

Wrist flexion and extension torques measured by highly sensitive dynamometer in healthy subjects from 5 to 80 years

Wrist flexion and extension torques measured by highly sensitive dynamometer in healthy subjects from 5 to 80 years

Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing

A hierarchy of corticospinal plasticity in human hand and forearm muscles

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