Neurophysiological and Behavioural Effects of Combined Exposure to 2,5‐Hexanedione and Acetone or Ethanol in Rats

Ladefoged, Ole; Haß, Ulrike; Simonsen, Lene

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1989.tb01191.x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hexane-induced testicular toxicity has been observed in rats (30)(31)(32)(33)(34) but not in mice. (35) Animal studies suggest that both the severity and duration of the neurotoxic effects of n-hexane are amplified when exposure occurs simultaneously with acetone (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) or methyl ethyl ketone. (42)(43)(44)(45) …”

Section: Hexane Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vehicle Repair Industry

Wilson

Hammond

Nicas

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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This study evaluated exposures among vehicle repair technicians to hexane, acetone, toluene, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs). On randomly selected workdays, we observed a characteristic pattern of solvent use among 36 technicians employed in 10 repair shops, each of which used an aerosol solvent product. We obtained quantitative exposure measurements from a subset of nine technicians (employed in three of these shops) who used an aerosol product containing hexane (25-35%), acetone (45-55%), and toluene (5-10%). The time-weighted average (TWA) exposure concentration for task-length breathing zone (BZ) samples (n = 23) was 36 mg/m(3) for hexane, 50 mg/m(3) for acetone, and 10 mg/m(3) for toluene. The TWA area concentrations (n = 49) obtained contemporaneously with BZ samples ranged from 25% to 35% of the BZ concentrations. The solvent emission rate (grams emitted/task time) was correlated with the total VOC exposure concentration (R(2) = 0.45). The proportions of VOCs in the BZ samples were highly correlated (r = 0.89 to 0.95) and were similar to those of the bulk product. Continuous exposure measurements for total VOCs (n = 1238) during 26 tasks produced a mean BZ VOC "pulse" of 394 mg/m(3) within 1 min following initiation of solvent spraying. The geometric mean air speed was 5.2 meters/min in the work areas (n = 870) and was associated with 0.8 air changes per minute in the BZ. The findings suggest that vehicle repair technicians who use aerosol solvent products experience episodic, inhalation exposures to the VOCs contained in these products, and the proportions of VOCs in the breathing zone are similar to those of the bulk product. Because acetone appears to amplify the severity and duration of the neurotoxic effects of n-hexane, products formulated with both hexane and acetone should be avoided. Further evaluation of exposures to VOCs is needed in this industry, along with information on effective alternatives to aerosol solvent products.

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Section: Hexane Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vehicle Repair Industry

Wilson

Hammond

Nicas

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…In the present study the morphological changes of testis as well as the functional consequenses for the fertility following administration of 2,5-HD were evaluated and compared with functional changes caused by the neurotoxic effects on peripheral nerves, which was studied earlier (Ladefoged et al 1989;own unpublished results). Further the potentiation of acetone on the effects of 2,5-HD and the degree of reversibility within a period of 10 weeks was examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The neurotoxic effect is partly reversible and is potentiated by ketones (Misumi & Nagano 1985). The neurotoxicity of 2,5-HD is potentiated by acetone (Ladefoged et al 1989). The potentiation of the neurotoxic effect of n-hexane by methyl ethyl ketone is not fully elucidated (Shibata et al 1990) but the potentiation of the neurotoxic effect of 2,5-HD by ketones might in part be explained by a kinetic interaction (Ralston et al 1985;Ladefoged & Perbellini 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infertility in Rats Induced by 2,5‐Hexanedione in Combination with Acetone

Larsen¹,

Lykkegaard²,

Ladefoged³

1991

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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The morphological changes as well as the functional consequences for the reproduction of the testis-injuring effect of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) were evaluated in rats. The potentiation by acetone and the reversibility of the effects was also studied. Male rats were dosed for 6 weeks with 0, 0.13%, 0.25% or 0.50% 2,5-HD alone or in combination with 0.50% acetone in the drinking water. During the last week of treatment the fertility of half of the treated males was studied by introducing each of them to a non-treated female rat, after which the number of matings, pregnancies and foetuses was examined. In order to evaluate the degree of reversibility of the effect on testis the same examination was made in the other half of the males after a 10 weeks dose-free period. The weight and morphology of testis from all the males was studied. The weight of testis, testis tubuli diameter and fertility was reduced by 2,5-HD and further reduced in groups dosed with 2,5-HD, 0.25% and 0.50% plus acetone 0.50%. Combined administration of acetone and 2,5-HD caused a potentiation comparable to the effect of the double dose of 2,5-HD. Minor changes were reversible within the 10 weeks dose-free period, whereas infertility and other severe changes in the highest combined group were non-reversible within this period. The number of matings was unaffected. It is concluded that 2,5-HD has a testis-injuring effect, which in high doses and combined with acetone causes non-reversible infertility and that testis is more sensitive than the nerve tissue to 2,5-HD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…We must determine a way to adequately assess mixtures of chemicals. For example, the hazard of some cleaner chemicals can be synergistic which must be taken into account during initial assessment [10]. In this case a chemical that may be acceptable by itself may be unacceptable when present with synergists.…”

Section: Cleanersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Risk by Reducing Hazard – Use of Chemical Hazard Screening as the First Step in the Assessment Process

Wendschlag¹,

Robertson²,

Holder³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 2014 Conference ICT for Sustainability

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Abstract-With the introduction of materials specific legislation, such as RoHS in 2003, the pace of change of materials in the electronics industry has seen a dramatic increase. Changing materials is costly, and an important business need is the development of a process to select alternatives that will not need to be substituted in the future. To guard against multiple substitutions, the alternatives selected need to have lower impacts on human health and the environment. According to the principles of green chemistry the most efficient way to reduce overall risk is to use less hazardous materials in product design. To guard against regrettable substitution, and future restriction, an alternatives assessment process including chemical hazard assessment as the first step in the process is described. Example applications of the alternatives assessment process are introduced.

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Neurophysiological and Behavioural Effects of Combined Exposure to 2,5‐Hexanedione and Acetone or Ethanol in Rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Worker Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vehicle Repair Industry

Worker Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vehicle Repair Industry

Infertility in Rats Induced by 2,5‐Hexanedione in Combination with Acetone

Reducing Risk by Reducing Hazard – Use of Chemical Hazard Screening as the First Step in the Assessment Process

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