Neurophotonic Tools for Microscopic Measurements and Manipulation: Status Report

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The Frontiers in Neurophotonics Symposium is a biennial event that brings together neurobiologists and physicists/engineers who share interest in the development of leading-edge photonics-based approaches to understand and manipulate the nervous system, from its individual molecular components to complex networks in the intact brain. In this Community paper, we highlight several topics that have been featured at the symposium that took place in October 2022 in Québec City, Canada.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Imaging Of Rodent Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the nervous system: lessons from Frontiers in Neurophotonics

De Koninck,

Alonso,

Bancelin

et al. 2024

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“…More detailed protocols are described elsewhere. 31 – 34 Importantly, the cost of a wide-field setup is relatively low compared to other imaging setups, ranging from $1000 up to $30,000 depending on the quality of the camera and optics. In addition, a wide-field setup can easily fit within a

bench space, further appealing to small labs.…”

Section: Wide-field Imaging Is Affordable and User-friendlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-field imaging in behaving mice as a tool to study cognitive function

Gilad

2024

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. Cognitive functions are mediated through coordinated and dynamic neuronal responses that involve many different areas across the brain. Therefore, it is of high interest to simultaneously record neuronal activity from as many brain areas as possible while the subject performs a cognitive behavioral task. One of the emerging tools to achieve a mesoscopic field of view is wide-field imaging of cortex-wide dynamics in mice. Wide-field imaging is cost-effective, user-friendly, and enables obtaining cortex-wide signals from mice performing complex and demanding cognitive tasks. Importantly, wide-field imaging offers an unbiased cortex-wide observation that sheds light on overlooked cortical regions and highlights parallel processing circuits. Recent wide-field imaging studies have shown that multi-area cortex-wide patterns, rather than just a single area, are involved in encoding cognitive functions. The optical properties of wide-field imaging enable imaging of different brain signals, such as layer-specific, inhibitory subtypes, or neuromodulation signals. Here, I review the main advantages of wide-field imaging in mice, review the recent literature, and discuss future directions of the field. It is expected that wide-field imaging in behaving mice will continue to gain popularity and aid in understanding the mesoscale dynamics underlying cognitive function.

“…The procedure is time-consuming, leading to treatment delay, and has no visual feedback during the surgery, which brings additional risk and complications. 7 – 9 Label-free imaging techniques like autofluorescence 4 – 6 , 10 – 12 and Raman spectroscopy 12 – 16 enable locating target tissue in situ for in vivo tumor diagnosis, 17 – 19 where high spatial resolution plays a critical role. Multi-core fibers (MCFs) are often used in endoscopy since they are flexible and ultra-thin (

) and provide an efficient way to illuminate and detect in real-time, 20 – 24 which allows minimal invasive access directly to deep tissue for intraoperative imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution-enhanced multi-core fiber imaging learned on a digital twin for cancer diagnosis

Wang,

Dremel,

Richter

et al. 2024

. Significance Deep learning enables label-free all-optical biopsies and automated tissue classification. Endoscopic systems provide intraoperative diagnostics to deep tissue and speed up treatment without harmful tissue removal. However, conventional multi-core fiber (MCF) endoscopes suffer from low resolution and artifacts, which hinder tumor diagnostics. Aim We introduce a method to enable unpixelated, high-resolution tumor imaging through a given MCF with a diameter of around 0.65 mm and arbitrary core arrangement and inhomogeneous transmissivity. Approach Image reconstruction is based on deep learning and the digital twin concept of the single-reference-based simulation with inhomogeneous optical properties of MCF and transfer learning on a small experimental dataset of biological tissue. The reference provided physical information about the MCF during the training processes. Results For the simulated data, hallucination caused by the MCF inhomogeneity was eliminated, and the averaged peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity were increased from 11.2 dB and 0.20 to 23.4 dB and 0.74, respectively. By transfer learning, the metrics of independent test images experimentally acquired on glioblastoma tissue ex vivo can reach up to 31.6 dB and 0.97 with 14 fps computing speed. Conclusions With the proposed approach, a single reference image was required in the pre-training stage and laborious acquisition of training data was bypassed. Validation on glioblastoma cryosections with transfer learning on only 50 image pairs showed the capability for high-resolution deep tissue retrieval and high clinical feasibility.