Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot

Bagetta, Giacinto; Morrone, Luigi Antonio; Rombolà, Laura; Amantea, Diana; Russo, Rossella; Berliocchi, Laura; Sakurada, Shinobu; Sakurada, Tsukasa; Rotiroti, Domenicantonio; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.013

Cited by 114 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…BEO consists of a volatile (93-96%) and a nonvolatile fraction (4-7%); the former contains monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives such as linalool and linalyl acetate, while the latter fraction contains waxes, polymethoxylated flavones, coumarins, and psoralens such as bergamottin and bergapten (6,14). BEO has been reported to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety and mild mood disorders, as well as cancer pain, however the mechanistic basis for its use in such applications awaits discovery (1). A previous in vitro study showed that BEO reduced neuronal damage caused by excitotoxic stimuli (5), and significantly increased the extracellular levels of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat hippocampus (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plantar subcutaneous administration of bergamot essential oil and linalool on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in mice

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effect of bergamot essential oil (BEO) or linalool, a major volatile component of BEO, on the nociceptive response to formalin. Plantar subcutaneous injection of BEO or linalool into the ipsilateral hindpaw reduced both the first and late phases of the formalininduced licking and biting responses in mice. Plantar subcutaneous injection of BEO or linalool into the contralateral hindpaw did not yield an antinociceptive effect, suggesting that the antinociceptive effect of BEO or linalool in the formalin test occurred peripherally. Intraperitoneal and plantar subcutaneous injection pretreatment with naloxone hydrochloride, an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated both BEO-and linalool-induced antinociception. Pretreatment with naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonists, also significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effects of BEO and linalool. Our results provide evidence for the involvement of peripheral opioids in antinociception induced by BEO and linalool. These results suggest that activation of peripheral opioid receptors may play an important role in reducing formalin-induced nociception.The essential oil of bergamot (BEO; Citrus bergamia Risso) is one of the most commonly used essential oils and is familiar to most of the general public. BEO is obtained by cold pressing of the epicarp and part of the mesocarp of the fresh bergamot fruit. BEO consists of a volatile (93-96%) and a nonvolatile fraction (4-7%); the former contains monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives such as linalool and linalyl acetate, while the latter fraction contains waxes, polymethoxylated flavones, coumarins, and psoralens such as bergamottin and bergapten (6,14). BEO has been reported to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety and mild mood disorders, as well as cancer pain, however the mechanistic basis for its use in such applications awaits discovery (1). A previous in vitro study showed that BEO reduced neuronal damage caused by excitotoxic stimuli (5), and significantly increased the extracellular levels of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat hippocampus (15). Linalool is a monoterpene compound and is the main volatile component of the essential oils of various plants, including BEO. It has previously been reported that linalool administration produced antibacterial, anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as showing antinociceptive activity in several behavioral assays (2)(3)(4)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Furthermore, linalool can significantly reduce both mor-

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plantar subcutaneous administration of bergamot essential oil and linalool on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in mice

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 The M Technique uses repetitive stroking movements in a structured sequence. 11 For this study, the technique was used on hands. Participants applied the intervention twice daily for 5 minutes per session for 3 consecutive days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 For instance, Citrus bergamia, or bergamot oil, is thought to relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression. 11 Massage involves manipulating muscle, joints, or skin by stroking or kneading and is frequently conducted by using oils. The combination of aromatherapy and light hand massage improves comfort and mood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit to Family Members of Delivering Hand Massage With Essential Oils to Critically Ill Patients

Prichard

Newcomb

2015

American Journal of Critical Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background In intensive care environments, patients’ families are often encouraged to participate in their loved one’s care; however, many family members feel anxious, depressed, and unsure about how to help patients. Objectives To determine (1) the feasibility of teaching family members a simple intervention combining hand massage with essential oils in a trauma intensive care unit and (2) an effect size for use in designing a more powerful trial. Method A quasi-experimental pilot study of the effect of a family-delivered touch treatment on anxiety and depression of family members of patients. Fifteen family members were assigned to a treatment group, and 15 family members were assigned to a control group. The treatment consisted of the application of hand massage with essential oils for 6 sessions. Each session lasted 5 minutes and was presented twice a day for 3 days. Results The 5-minute intervention was associated with positive change in anxiety and depression scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) among family members visiting patients. The magnitude of change (improvement) in anxiety scores within the group of treated family members was significantly greater than within family members in the control group. Conclusion Administering a brief hand massage using pleasant-smelling oils to patients in an intensive care unit may reduce anxiety of family members who administer the treatment.

show abstract

“…The non-volatile residue contains waxes and polymethoxylated flavones, coumarins and psoralens (bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen), bergamottin (5-geranyloxypsoralen)) which influence the olfactory properties of the essence. A large body of experimental data, accumulated during the last 20 years, have stressed that the psoralens, among other uses, are employed in therapy of psoriasis and vitiligo [27]. In addition, experimental evidence demonstrates that the phytocomplex may interfere with the receptor-mediated mechanisms of regulation of synaptic levels of amino acid neurotransmitters [28].…”

Section: Cosmetic Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The Fascinating History of Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia Risso & Poiteau), the Exclusive Essence of Calabria: A Review

Maruca¹,

Laghetti²,

Mafrica³

et al. 2017

JESE-A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), a citrus fruit growing almost exclusively in the South Italy, is considered the "prince of citrus" for its storical role in the perfume industry due to its essential oil, a product in great demand of a pleasant and refreshing scent. Recently, analgesic, anxiolytic, neuroprotective consistent effects have been ascribed to bergamot essential oil when it is used in aromatherapy, for the relief of pain and symptoms associated with stress-induced anxiety and depression. Moreover, today, bergamot fruit due to a considerable abundance and variety of nutraceutical compounds which are present in its juice, is becoming increasingly important also in the food, pharmaceutical and confectionery industries. In this review, it is discussed that the literature on C. bergamia, focusing on the several studies performed with the experimental data, and recently accumulated, may form the rational basis for further development.

show abstract

Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot

Cited by 114 publications

References 67 publications

<b>Effect of plantar subcutaneous administration of bergamot essential oil and linalool on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in </b><b>mice </b>

<b>Effect of plantar subcutaneous administration of bergamot essential oil and linalool on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in </b><b>mice </b>

Benefit to Family Members of Delivering Hand Massage With Essential Oils to Critically Ill Patients

The Fascinating History of Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia Risso & Poiteau), the Exclusive Essence of Calabria: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About