Neuropeptides and Skin Inflammation

Pincelli, Carlo; Fantini, Fabrizio; Giannetti, Alberto

doi:10.1159/000247232

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The finding that CD8+ T lymphocytes counts are increased for 1 h after mental stress in patients with AD compared to healthy controls due to elevated norepinephrine plasma levels further supports the notion of neuroimmunological mechanisms in AD [17]. Finally, neurotransmitters, such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin and others, have been linked to pruritus and neurogenic inflammation in skin diseases [18], particularly AD [19, 20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychophysiological Reactivity under Mental Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

et al. 2005

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Background: An association of mental stress with atopic dermatitis is widely accepted. However, no long-term evaluation of psychophysiological reactivity over the course of disease has yet been performed. Objective: We examined whether atopic dermatitis patients have an increased psychophysiological reactivity compared to healthy controls and in between acute and disease-free phases, and whether they differ in psychological state and trait variables. Methods: Fifteen patients with atopic dermatitis underwent a stress test during acute exacerbation and after symptom improvement and were compared to matched controls. Results: Psychophysiological responsesto stress were not stronger in the patient group than in the controls. Nevertheless, the patients had a higher heart rate and lower vagal activity throughout the resting and stress phases at both examination times. The patients showed significantly higher anxiety, depression and emotional excitability, and self-ratings of inactivity clearly distinguished acute phases from remission. Conclusion: There is an increased vegetative excitability level in patients with atopic dermatitis, which cannot be attributed solely to increased disease activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychophysiological Reactivity under Mental Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

et al. 2005

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“…With the use of electron microscopy (336), confocal laser scan microscopy (671), and immunohistochemistry (809), it is possible to demonstrate that the epidermis is also innervated by a three-dimensional network of unmyelinated C fibers with free-branching endings that arise in the dermis and their basement membrane apposed to epidermal cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells, respectively. Increased epidermal innervation has been described in skin lesions of various inflammatory skin diseases (379,383,633,640,761,809), wound repair (234), skin cancer (232, 447,552,567,765), epithelial hyperplasia (702), after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, or during psoralen UVA therapy (525,785).…”

Section: A Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Of Cutaneous Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Control of Skin Function: The Skin as a Neuroimmunoendocrine Organ

Roosterman¹,

Goerge

Schneider

et al. 2006

Physiological Reviews

546

521

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This review focuses on the role of the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous biology and disease. During the last few years, a modern concept of an interactive network between cutaneous nerves, the neuroendocrine axis, and the immune system has been established. We learned that neurocutaneous interactions influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions, including cell growth, immunity, inflammation, pruritus, and wound healing. This interaction is mediated by primary afferent as well as autonomic nerves, which release neuromediators and activate specific receptors on many target cells in the skin. A dense network of sensory nerves releases neuropeptides, thereby modulating inflammation, cell growth, and the immune responses in the skin. Neurotrophic factors, in addition to regulating nerve growth, participate in many properties of skin function. The skin expresses a variety of neurohormone receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins that are tightly involved in skin homeostasis and inflammation. This neurohormone-receptor interaction is modulated by endopeptidases, which are able to terminate neuropeptide-induced inflammatory or immune responses. Neuronal proteinase-activated receptors or transient receptor potential ion channels are recently described receptors that may have been important in regulating neurogenic inflammation, pain, and pruritus. Together, a close multidirectional interaction between neuromediators, high-affinity receptors, and regulatory proteases is critically involved to maintain tissue integrity and regulate inflammatory responses in the skin. A deeper understanding of cutaneous neuroimmunoendocrinology may help to develop new strategies for the treatment of several skin diseases.

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“…Neuropeptides can manifest immunomodulatory activity, and they contribute to the cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system in the skin [8, 9, 10]. NPs are a heterogeneous group of several hundred biologically active peptides, present in neurons of both the central and the peripheral nervous system and involved the transmission of signals not only between nerve cells, but also with the immune system where they appear to be critical mediators of different processes.…”

Section: Cutaneous Innervation and Neuropeptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Aspects in Acne Inflammation

Toyoda

Morohashi²

2003

Dermatology

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There is ample clinical evidence suggesting that the nervous system such as emotional stress can influence the course of acne. We examined possible participation of cutaneous neurogenic factors including neuropeptides, neuropeptide-degrading enzymes and neurotrophic factors, in association with inflammation in the pathogenesis of acne. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were in close apposition to the sebaceous glands, and that neutral endopeptidase (NEP) was expressed in the germinative cells of the sebaceous glands in the skin from acne patients. Nerve growth factor showed immunoreactivity only within the germinative cells. In addition, an increase in the number of mast cells and a strong expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 on the postcapillary venules were observed in adjacent areas to the sebaceous glands. In vitro, the levels and the expression of stem cell factor by fibroblasts were upregulated by SP. When organ-cultured normal skin specimens were exposed to SP, we observed significant increases in the sizes of the sebaceous glands and in the number of sebum vacuoles in sebaceous cells. Furthermore, supplementation of SP to organ-cultured skin induced expression of NEP, and we demonstrated the subcellular localization of NEP in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus within the sebaceous germinative cells using preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. These findings suggest that SP may stimulate lipogenesis of the sebaceous glands which may be followed by proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and may yield a potent influence on the sebaceous glands by provocation of inflammatory reactions via mast cells. Thus, cutaneous neurogenic factors should contribute to onset and/or exacerbation of acne inflammation.

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Neuropeptides and Skin Inflammation

Cited by 76 publications

References 33 publications

Psychophysiological Reactivity under Mental Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

Psychophysiological Reactivity under Mental Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

Neuronal Control of Skin Function: The Skin as a Neuroimmunoendocrine Organ

New Aspects in Acne Inflammation

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