Neuropeptide Y Is an Immunomodulatory Factor: Direct and Indirect

Chen, Wei-can; Liu, Yibin; Liu, Weifeng; Zhou, Yingying; He, Hefan; Lin, Shu

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.580378

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…NPY receptors are widely expressed on immune cells, especially Y1R, which exists on almost every type of immune cells, and have an important yet diverse role on the immune system, having both negative as well as activator functions ( 286 ) [For a full review on the immunomodulatory activity of NPY please read Chen et al. ( 287 )]. Targeting selectively certain neuropeptide receptors will therefore open more drug development to improve vaccine potency as well as offer novel vaccine deliver system.…”

Section: Understanding and Manipulating The Patients’ “Life-style” Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments

et al. 2021

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Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants are therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong and long-lasting immune responses. Adjuvants have generally been classified into two categories: those that ‘depot’ antigens (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) and those that act as immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel technologies using vector-based delivery of antigens have been used. Unfortunately, the immune system declines with age, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, and this is characterized by functional changes in both innate and adaptive cellular immunity systems as well as in lymph node architecture. While many of the immune functions decline over time, others paradoxically increase. Indeed, aging is known to be associated with a low level of chronic inflammation—inflamm-aging. Given that the median age of cancer diagnosis is 66 years and that immunotherapeutic interventions such as cancer vaccines are currently given in combination with or after other forms of treatments which themselves have immune-modulating potential such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the choice of adjuvants requires careful consideration in order to achieve the maximum immune response in a compromised environment. In addition, more clinical trials need to be performed to carefully assess how less conventional form of immune adjuvants, such as exercise, diet and psychological care which have all be shown to influence immune responses can be incorporated to improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines. In this review, adjuvants will be discussed with respect to the above-mentioned important elements.

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Section: Understanding and Manipulating The Patients’ “Life-style” Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments

et al. 2021

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“…NPY is a hypothalamus-derived peptide that is widely distributed in the nervous system and localized in adipose tissues that are involved in energy metabolism [ 77 ]. Cleavage of native NPY [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] has been shown to generate NPY [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , ...…”

Section: Dpp-4 Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Npymentioning

confidence: 99%

Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

et al. 2021

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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. It has been shown that an increased renal DPP-4 activity is associated with the development of DKD. A series of clinical and experimental studies showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and the mechanisms underlying renoprotection by DPP-4 inhibitors under diabetic conditions.

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“…Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found mainly in the CNS and sympathetic nerves ( Chen et al, 2020 ), where it is co-stored in DVC and co-released with norepinephrine ( Ekblad et al, 1984 ). Its receptors (Y1R-Y6R) ( Beck-Sickinger et al, 2019 ) belong to the CGRP protein family, with the YIR being the most studied, which is expressed on immune cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, DC, and MC), but is not detectable in airway epithelium and ASM under basal conditions ( Wheway et al, 2005 ; Makinde et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Neuropeptide Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma

Pavón-Romero

Serrano-Pérez

García-Sánchez

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammation of lower airway disease, characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Type I hypersensitivity underlies all atopic diseases including allergic asthma. However, the role of neurotransmitters (NT) and neuropeptides (NP) in this disease has been less explored in comparison with inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, the airway epithelium contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells filled with neurotransmitters (serotonin and GABA) and neuropeptides (substance P[SP], neurokinin A [NKA], vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], Calcitonin-gene related peptide [CGRP], and orphanins-[N/OFQ]), which are released after allergen exposure. Likewise, the autonomic airway fibers produce acetylcholine (ACh) and the neuropeptide Y(NPY). These NT/NP differ in their effects; SP, NKA, and serotonin exert pro-inflammatory effects, whereas VIP, N/OFQ, and GABA show anti-inflammatory activity. However, CGPR and ACh have dual effects. For example, the ACh-M3 axis induces goblet cell metaplasia, extracellular matrix deposition, and bronchoconstriction; the CGRP-RAMP1 axis enhances Th2 and Th9 responses; and the SP-NK1R axis promotes the synthesis of chemokines in eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. In contrast, the ACh-α7nAChR axis in ILC2 diminishes the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, attenuating lung inflammation whereas, VIP-VPAC1, N/OFQ-NOP axes cause bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects. Some NT/NP as 5-HT and NKA could be used as biomarkers to monitor asthma patients. In fact, the asthma treatment based on inhaled corticosteroids and anticholinergics blocks M3 and TRPV1 receptors. Moreover, the administration of experimental agents such as NK1R/NK2R antagonists and exogenous VIP decrease inflammatory mediators, suggesting that regulating the effects of NT/NP represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of asthma.

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Neuropeptide Y Is an Immunomodulatory Factor: Direct and Indirect

Cited by 67 publications

References 144 publications

Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments

Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments

Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma

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