Neuropeptide Y in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus

Gaikwad, Archana; Biju, K.C.; Saha, Sujan; Subhedar, Nishikant K.

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.11.002

Cited by 41 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In our earlier studies on the same fish, we employed similar antisera against NPY (N 9528; Sigma) and human LH-␤ (NHPP, NIH) to localize the NPY and LH immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary, respectively (Gaikwad et al, 2003(Gaikwad et al, , 2004Mazumdar et al, 2006). Specificity of these antisera was confirmed in this study also.…”

Section: Specificity Of the Antibodiessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was employed to localize NPY in frozen sections of the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary as described earlier (Gaikwad et al, 2004). Briefly, the tissue sections were rinsed in PBS for 15 minutes, followed by treatment with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS containing 0.4% Triton X-100 for 20 minutes.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies underscore a strong possibility that the NPY neuronal system might be involved in receiving and processing of the sex steroid-borne information and regulation of reproduction. The neuroanatomical organization of NPY is well established in the brain of teleosts (Pickavance et al, 1992;Subhedar et al, 1996;Gaikwad et al, 2004;Sakharkar et al, 2005) as well as nonteleostean actinopterygian fish (Chiba, 1997), but limited information is available on the involvement of various NPY-containing elements in the regulation of reproduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproduction phase-related changes in the NPYcontaining neuroanatomical substrates in the forebrain and pituitary and to establish its correlation with the LH cells-ovary axis of the teleost Clarias batrachus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reproduction phase‐related variations in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary of the female catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Mazumdar

Sakharkar

Singru

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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The aim of this study was to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the cells and fibers in the forebrain and pituitary of Clarias batrachus is linked to the annual reproductive cycle. A steady rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity was seen in the pituitary through preparatory (February-April) and prespawning (May-June) phases; it was greatly reduced during spawning (July-August; P < 0.001) and partially replenished during postspawning (September-November; P < 0.01) through resting (December-January) phases. Although NPY immunoreactivity in olfactory receptor neurons and olfactory nerve layer in olfactory bulb was gradually augmented during resting through prespawning phases (P < 0.001), attaining a peak in spawning phase (P < 0.001), a dramatic decline was encountered during postspawning phase (P < 0.001). A similar pattern was also observed in NPY-containing fibers of the medial olfactory tract (MOT) and pituitary. However, a different pattern of NPY immunoreactivity was observed in the neurons of nucleus entopeduncularis (NE) and nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP). Whereas these neurons and fibers in the forebrain showed significant augmentation during the resting through prespawning phases (P < 0.001), the immunoreactivity dramatically declined during spawning (P < 0.001) and was partially replenished in the postspawning phase. Testosterone injection of juveniles significantly augmented (P < 0.001) NPY immunoreactivity in NE neurons. We suggest that NPY cells of NE and NPP, and related fiber systems, might be involved in processing of sex steroid-borne information and regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-LH axis.

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Section: Specificity Of the Antibodiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Reproduction phase‐related variations in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary of the female catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Mazumdar

Sakharkar

Singru

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In Crustacea, Kiris et al (2004) reported the effect of NPY on food intake and growth of penaeid shrimps. In fish, NPY has been detected in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Larsson 2006) and catfish Clarias batrachus (Gaikwad et al 2004;Singru et al 2008). Ghrelin was also found in Drosophila (Hewes et al 2001), but no information is available on its function in this genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and perspectives of physiological mechanisms underlying genetically-based resistance of the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasto summer mortality

Samain

2011

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-French oyster farming has been subject to severe mortalities during the summer months. Results from the research program "Morest", which ran from 2000 to 2006 and examined the possible causes of these mortalities, led to the construction of a model to explain the interaction between environmental factors, oyster physiology and different opportunistic pathogens underlying oyster summer mortality. Temperature, food, reproduction and stress were the main factors required for oyster mortality. Genetically-based resistance ("R" oysters) or susceptibility ("S" oysters) to summer mortality was revealed by divergent selection. Building on these results, a literature search was made in 2007 on the molecular origin of genetic resistance to such a complex mortality risk. The objectives were to lay a foundation for the preparation and orientation of future research directions and to improve understanding of the underlying physiological mechanism leading to summer mortality. Three years later, the resulting conceptual analysis reported here was presented as an introductory lecture to Physiomar 2010, a conference where many new results contributing to this research field were also reported. The literature review highlighted two major review articles: the first dealing with nutrition and reproduction (Schneider 2004), the second with reproduction, temperature, oxidative stress and mortality (Heineinger 2002). The effect of nutrition level on energy orientation to growth or reproduction is controlled by endocrine factors. Among these, neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin and leptin neuropeptides appeared to be potential candidates involved in germ-soma orientation in relation to trophic conditions. Depending on reproductive effort and temperature, a metabolic stress resulting from the germ-soma conflict can appear, characterized by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Such an excess of ROS induces perturbations in mitochondrial activity leading to cell death. Many organisms, such as annual plants or the Pacific salmon, do not survive their first reproduction. In contrast, others increase stress resistance by selection of antioxidant processes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase, etc.) through evolution, and survive first reproduction. A similar difference was observed in the comparison made between R and S oysters, which differed in ROS production, SOD and catalase levels. Such factors controlling reproduction and ROS detoxification processes could therefore provide new markers for selection of oysters with better resistance to non-specific pathogens, complementing other classic selection approaches against specific pathogens or for improved immunity. This antioxidant defence mechanism is found in many organisms including vertebrates and in some invertebrates, including oysters. Its role needs to be considered in pathology events involving other aquaculture species and it may also contribute to explaining the increase in marine pathologies under anthropogenic environmental changes.

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“…Although NPY has not previously been reported as an ONB marker, some studies have indicated the presence of anti-NPY immunoreactivity in olfactory receptor neurons in fish (Gaikwad et al 2004) and in olfactory microvillar cells in mammals (Montani et al 2006), as was observed in the goldfish control sections. The ability of NPY to stimulate neuroproliferation of olfactory neuronal precursor cells demonstrated in rats (Hansel et al 2001) could explain the high degree of NPY immunolabelling in tumour cells of the goldfish ONB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

First description of an olfactory neuroblastoma in goldfish Carassius auratus: a case report

Vigliano

Marcaccini²,

Sarradell³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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An external pinkish growing mass that emerged from the right nostril of an adult goldfish Carassius auratus L. was evaluated by means of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The neoplasm presented a well-developed fibrovascular stroma associated with solid cell nests and a large number of Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes. Myelinated fibres were observed around them. Neoplastic cells showed a prominent degree of nuclear atypia and low mitotic activity. The latter was in agreement with the low reactivity of tumour cells to anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. Immunohistochemistry also revealed anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase, anti-S100 protein, antineuropeptide Y, and anti-cytokeratin immunoreactivity in tumour cells as well as in normal olfactory epithelium of goldfish control sections. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of an olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). To our knowledge this is the first description of ONB in goldfish. KEY WORDS: Tumour · Olfactory neuroblastoma · Goldfish · Carassius auratus · Histopathology · Immunohistochemistry Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 96: [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] 2011 MATERIALS AND METHODSAn adult goldfish Carassius auratus L. was referred to a private veterinary clinic located in Rosario City, Argentina. The specimen showed an external pinkish growing mass emerging from the right nostril. The roughly shaped mass of approximately 0.5 cm in diameter was excised, fixed in 10% v/v buffered formaldehyde solution and submitted to the Diagnostic Pathology Service of the School of Veterinary Sciences-National University of Rosario, Argentina. The sample was dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections of 3 to 5 µm in thickness were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, combined periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue, the Grimelius technique and Tolivia staining.In order to define the origin of the presumptive tumour, an immunohistochemical study was carried out. Unless otherwise stated, all incubations were performed at room temperature in a humid chamber, and all washing procedures consisted of 3 successive 5 min immersions in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation in Peroxidase Blocking Reagent (Dako) for 30 min, and after a rinse in PBS, antigens were exposed by heating under pressure in different buffer solutions or by incubating the samples with proteolytic enzymes depending on the primary antibody employed ( Table 1). The sections were subsequently washed again with PBS, treated with 3% skimmed milk powder for 15 min to block non-specific antibody binding, incubated with the primary antibody as indicated in Table 1, washed with PBS, and incubated for 30 min with anti-mouse or anti-rabbit EnVision+ System Labelled Polymer-HRP (DakoCytomation). After further rinsing, the sections were finally developed using 3, 3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride...

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Neuropeptide Y in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus

Cited by 41 publications

References 88 publications

Reproduction phase‐related variations in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary of the female catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Reproduction phase‐related variations in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary of the female catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Review and perspectives of physiological mechanisms underlying genetically-based resistance of the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasto summer mortality

First description of an olfactory neuroblastoma in goldfish Carassius auratus: a case report

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