Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones, granule-containing cells and nerves associated with ganglia and blood vessels in rat and guinea-pig heart

Sosunov, Alexander A.; Hassall, C. J. S.; Loesch, Andrzej; Turmaine, Mark; Fehér, Erzsébet; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/s004410050890

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2B, 3B,D, 5D). Similar intracellular localization of NPY IR has been associated with sectioned intrinsic cardiac ganglion neurons (Sosunov et al 1997). These NPY-immunoreactive principal neurons of ganglia also exhibited TH IR (Table 2, groups 1a, 1b), but their IR was located chiefly adjacent to their cell membranes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Distribution of intrinsic cardiac neurons in whole-mount guinea pig atria identified by multiple neurochemical coding

Horackova

Armour

Byczko

1999

Cell and Tissue Research

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Functional data indicate that neurons in distinct regions of the heart exert preferential regional cardiac control. To date the regional distribution of specific types of neurons within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system remains unknown, as does their associations with distinct neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulatory profiles. This study was designed to ascertain: (1) the distribution of different classes of neurons within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system as determined by microscopic analysis; (2) the neurochemical profiles of neurons in differing atrial loci; (3) which neurochemicals are co-localized within specific populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons; and (4) the distribution of specific sub-populations of neurons expressing specific immunoreactivities. Taking advantage of confocal laser scanning microscopy and distinct immunoreactive fluorescent markers in various double-label combinations, several sub-populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons were identified. Of all identified neurons, 85-90% were located in ganglia (ganglionic neurons), the rest being isolated (individual neurons). The two general neuronal markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) were associated with neurons clustered primarily in the interatrial septum and around the origins of the two vena cavae. Ganglia (group 1) contained three sub-populations of neurons: approx. 80% of ganglionic neurons were large (15-40 microm diameters; group 1a) and approx. 20% had smaller diameters (less than 15 microm; group 1b). All of these neurons were PGP-immunoreactive, exhibiting choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity (IR), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) IR, neuropeptide Y (NPY) IR, vasoactive peptide (VIP) IR and substance P (SP) IR. The remaining 5% of ganglionic neurons were small (group 1c; less than 20 microm). These displayed TH immunoreactivity but not MAP, PGP, CHAT, NPY or SP immunoreactivity. Ten to fifteen percent of all neurons loosely distributed outside of ganglia were small (10-25 microm) and located primarily around the origin of the superior vena cava. They displayed immunoreactivity to TH, ChAT, VIP, NPY and SP, but not to MAP-2 or PGP 9.5. These data provide anatomical and immunohistochemical evidence for specific localization of differing populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons with respect to their size, ganglionic distributions and capacity to express multiple neurotransmitters. Although the functional importance of such a regional distribution of differing populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons remains unknown, these anatomical data support the thesis that unique clustering of specific populations of neurons within this nervous system represents the anatomical substrate for complex local cardiac regulatory phenomena occurring at the level of the target organ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Distribution of intrinsic cardiac neurons in whole-mount guinea pig atria identified by multiple neurochemical coding

Horackova

Armour

Byczko

1999

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…Neuronal sympathetic processes display the characteristic pearl necklace morphology, with repeated enlargements (varicosities) where the neuroexocytosis apparatus localizes, releasing various neurotransmitters (mostly noradrenaline (NA), but also neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ATP) (Thaemert, ; Sosunov et al . ) (Fig. A and B ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cardiac sympathetic innervation, from a different point of (re)view

Zaglia

Mongillo

2017

The Journal of Physiology

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The audience of basic and clinical scientists is familiar with the notion that the sympathetic nervous system controls heart function during stresses. However, evidence indicates that the neurogenic control of the heart spans from the maintenance of housekeeping functions in resting conditions to the recruitment of maximal performance, in the fight-or-flight responses, across a whole range of intermediate states. To perform such sophisticated functions, sympathetic ganglia integrate both peripheral and central inputs, and transmit information to the heart via 'motor' neurons, directly interacting with target cardiomyocytes. To date, the dynamics and mode of communication between these two cell types, which determine how neuronal information is adequately translated into the wide spectrum of cardiac responses, are still blurry. By combining the anatomical and structural information brought to light by recent imaging technologies and the functional evidence in cellular systems, we focus on the interface between neurons and cardiomyocytes, and advocate the existence of a specific 'neuro-cardiac junction', where sympathetic neurotransmission occurs in a 'quasi-synaptic' way. The properties of such junctional-type communication fit well with those of the physiological responses elicited by the cardiac sympathetic nervous system, and explain its ability to tune heart function with precision, specificity and elevated temporal resolution.

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“…However, assuming that there are ∼12,000 neurons per stellate ganglion in the guinea pig (Forehand, personal communication), only 2–3% of all neurons within a ganglion exhibited PACAP immunoreactivity. Because the postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the guinea pig cardiac ganglia whole‐mounts that innervate blood vessels, myocardium, and cardiac ganglia exhibit NPY immunoreactivity (Sternini and Brecha, 1985; Sosunov et al, 1997), we tested for the presence of NPY immunoreactivity in stellate ganglia. In contrast to the very few PACAP‐IR cells, the majority of stellate ganglia cells exhibited NPY immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive fibers innervating guinea pig parasympathetic cardiac ganglia

2000

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The present study investigated the origin of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) -immunoreactive (IR) fibers innervating guinea pig cardiac ganglia. Immunohistochemistry was performed on whole-mounts containing cardiac ganglia, and sections of stellate, nodose, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG, thoracic levels 1-4), and caudal medulla. In control preparations, only 4% of the cardiac neurons were PACAP-IR, although most cardiac ganglion cells were surrounded by a network of PACAP-IR fibers. After 3-7 days in explant culture, the number of PACAP-IR cardiac neurons increased approximately eightfold. However, virtually all PACAP-IR fibers surrounding the cardiac neurons had degenerated, demonstrating that the major source of the PACAP-IR fibers was extrinsic to the cardiac ganglia preparation. PACAP- and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity were colocalized in fibers within the stellate ganglia but not within neuropeptide Y (NPY) -IR cell bodies and fibers. PACAP-IR cells and fibers were present in the nodose ganglia. PACAP immunoreactivity also was present in fibers and primarily small neurons in thoracic DRGs. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of proPACAP mRNA within neurons in the region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguus. PACAP immunoreactivity was colocalized with ChAT immunoreactivity, but not with NPY immunoreactivity or SP immunoreactivity, in fibers surrounding neurons within cardiac ganglia. We conclude that PACAP-containing fibers innervating the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in guinea pig cardiac ganglia are primarily preganglionic parasympathetic axons.

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Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones, granule-containing cells and nerves associated with ganglia and blood vessels in rat and guinea-pig heart

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Distribution of intrinsic cardiac neurons in whole-mount guinea pig atria identified by multiple neurochemical coding

Distribution of intrinsic cardiac neurons in whole-mount guinea pig atria identified by multiple neurochemical coding

Cardiac sympathetic innervation, from a different point of (re)view

Origin of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive fibers innervating guinea pig parasympathetic cardiac ganglia

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