Neuropeptide Synthesis and Storage

Sobota, Jacqueline A.; Eipper, Betty A.; Mains, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/b978-008045046-9.01454-6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Since the first discovery of Substance P (SP) by von Euler and Gaddum in 1931, approximately 100 different human neuropeptides and more than 80 genes encoding for neuropeptides in the H. sapiens genome have been described [ 1 , 2 ]. Neuropeptides are generally described as macromolecular peptides that contain between 3 and 100 amino acids in their active forms and act via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. It is acknowledged that neuropeptides have characteristics that are common to peptides, including post translational processing, which may influence their biological activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis

Augustyniak

Kramarska

Mackiewicz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via enhancement of the host’s innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. However, more recently concerns have been raised that some neuropeptides may have the potential to augment microbial virulence. In this review we discuss the dual role of neuropeptides, perceived as a double-edged sword, with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa but also capable of enhancing virulence and pathogenicity. We review the different ways by which neuropeptides modulate crucial stages of microbial pathogenesis such as adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion, intracellular lifestyle, dissemination, etc., including their anti-infective properties but also detrimental effects. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy and therapeutic potential of neuropeptides in murine models of infectious diseases and outline the intrinsic host factors as well as factors related to pathogen adaptation that may influence efficacy.

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