Neuropeptide coding of sympathetic preganglionic neurons; focus on adrenally projecting populations

Kumar, Natasha N.; Allen, Kyle D.; Parker, Lindsay M.; Damanhuri, Hanafi Ahmad; Goodchild, Ann K.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.047

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In-situ hybridization for custom synthesized and validated prepro-enkephalin (PPE) riboprobe incorporated with digoxigenin (DIG)-11-UTP (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) was performed (final concentration 1000 ng/ml) in conjunction with fluorescent immunohistochemical (IHC) detection as described previously (Bowman et al, 2013;Kumar et al, 2010;Parker et al, 2013). No alkaline phosphatase reaction product is seen after hybridization with our PPE mRNA sense probe, or in the absence of antisense DIGriboprobes in rat spinal cord tissue (Kumar et al, 2010;Parker et al, 2013).…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No alkaline phosphatase reaction product is seen after hybridization with our PPE mRNA sense probe, or in the absence of antisense DIGriboprobes in rat spinal cord tissue (Kumar et al, 2010;Parker et al, 2013). Table 1 details the antibodies used.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A range of neurochemicals have been described in SPN, particularly in those projecting to the adrenal gland and celiac ganglia, including pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA, pre-proenkephalin (PPE) mRNA, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and calretinin (Edwards et al, 1996;Fenwick et al, 2006;Hinrichs and Llewellyn-Smith, 2009;Kumar et al, 2010;Parker et al, 2013). We have shown previously that glucoprivation, induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which does not change blood pressure, activates all SPN projecting to the adrenal glands and celiac ganglia that express PPE mRNA and only activates adrenergic chromaffin cells (Parker et al, 2013) suggesting PPE mRNA codes SPN regulating glycemic but not cardiovascular responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

et al. 2015

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Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

et al. 2015

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“…(d'Ascanio et al, 2002;Nestler et al, 1999). Polyclonal CTB antiserum was raised in rabbit and conjugated to biotin (Virostat; 7927), No labeling was seen in the brains of rats that were not injected with CTB in the spinal cord (see also Kumar et al, 2010).…”

Section: Antibody Characterization and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem galanin‐synthesizing neurons are differentially activated by chemoreceptor stimuli and represent a subpopulation of respiratory neurons

Spirovski

Pilowsky

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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The ventrolateral medulla oblongata (VLM) of the brainstem contains neurochemically heterogeneous neurons that have a critical role in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation. Previous anatomical studies have shown the existence of galanin immunoreactivity in the medulla oblongata, but a detailed characterization is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate three populations of preprogalanin mRNA (PPG)-expressing neurons in the VLM of the adult, male Sprague-Dawley rat: a retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) group, a group in the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG), and a subpopulation of A1 neurons. PPG(+) neurons express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) only in the A1 region of the VLM, where approximately 56% of PPG(+) neurons contain TH (79 ± 14; n = 4). PPG(+) neurons do not express vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) in the VLM (n = 3). However, 33% of PPG(+) neurons contain neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) in the rVRG (126 ± 12; n = 12), accounting for ∼28% of all NK1R(+) neurons in the region. Retrogradely transported cholera toxin B injected into the thoracic spinal cord (T1) revealed that bulbospinal PPG(+) neurons are present in the rVRG (n = 3; ∼26% of PPG(+) neurons). PPG(+) neurons in the RTN and locus coeruleus are selectively activated (Fos) following 2 hours of exposure to hypercapnia, but not by hypoxia. Neurons in the A1, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsomedial hypothalamus are activated by both chemoreceptor stimuli. The results suggest that PPG(+) neurons represent a population of brainstem neurons that play a critical and differential role in the chemoreflex responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia.

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“…In effect, there may be a shift in the balance of PAC 1 , compared with VPAC 1 and VPAC 2 , function. Furthermore, the chemical phenotype of SPN that project to epinephrine-releasing chromaffin cells is different to that of SPN, regulating norepinephrine-releasing chromaffin cells (24). Therefore, the results observed here may be due to partial blockade of PAC 1 receptors by catestatin, with a change in the balance toward excitation of epinephrine-releasing pathways that cause an increase in heart rate, a large decrease in peripheral resistance, and a subsequent fall in blood pressure (14,16).…”

Section: Catestatin Amplifies Responses To Pacap-38mentioning

confidence: 75%

Catestatin has an unexpected effect on the intrathecal actions of PACAP dramatically reducing blood pressure

Gaede

Inglott

Farnham

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Gaede AH, Inglott MA, Farnham MM, Pilowsky PM. Catestatin has an unexpected effect on the intrathecal actions of PACAP dramatically reducing blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R719 -R726, 2012. First published August 8, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2012.-This study focuses on presympathetic neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) that regulate sympathetic vasomotor tone. Many neurotransmitters are colocalized in RVLM neurons and are released under specific conditions to modulate efferent homeostatic responses. Of particular interest here are two peptides colocalized in catecholaminergic RVLM neurons: catestatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Chromogranin A-derived catestatin is a potent endogenous noncompetitive nicotinic and adrenoreceptor antagonist. Catestatin impairs adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C action: mechanisms engaged by PACAP. Although PACAP and catestatin are likely coreleased, the possible effects of this are unknown. We aimed to determine whether catestatin affects the normal sympathoexcitatory but isotensive responses to intrathecal PACAP. Urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n ϭ 22) were given an intrathecal injection of catestatin at different times prior to intrathecal administration of PACAP-38. Arterial pressure, splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and reflex responses to baroreceptor and chemoreceptor activation were recorded. The key findings of this study are that pretreatment with catestatin time dependently enhances the PACAP-38 effect on mean arterial pressure and enhances sympathetic barosensitivity and chemosensitivity. The timescale of the effect of catestatin on the response to PACAP-38 strongly suggests that catestatin is either causing changes in gene expression to exert its effects, or modifying intracellular mechanisms normally engaged by PAC 1 receptors. The ability of catestatin pretreatment to enhance barosensitivity and chemosensitivity after PACAP-38 injection supports the hypothesis that catestatin manipulates the intracellular environment within sympathetic neurons in a way that increases responses to PACAP. chromogranin a; sympathetic; baroreflex; chemoreflex; epinephrine HYPERTENSION IS A MAJOR HUMAN health problem that is due, in large part, to increased sympathetic drive that emanates from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) (42,44,45). Central neural mechanisms maintain arterial blood pressure by integrating information from reflexes and central behavioral and emotional states to alter efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, according to need (18,44,45). The RVLM plays a critical role in this system as the final integrative pathway in the regulation of sympathetic tone and cardiovascular adaptive reflexes (e.g., the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes) (45). The RVLM contains a functionally heterogeneous cell population that includes barosensitive, presympathetic (C1) neurons, which project to sympathetic preganglionic neu...

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Neuropeptide coding of sympathetic preganglionic neurons; focus on adrenally projecting populations

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

Brainstem galanin‐synthesizing neurons are differentially activated by chemoreceptor stimuli and represent a subpopulation of respiratory neurons

Catestatin has an unexpected effect on the intrathecal actions of PACAP dramatically reducing blood pressure

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