“…The international headache society reported that anatomical boundaries and associated medical specialty demarcations in the orofacial area contributed to the problem ( ICOP, 2020 ). For example, the symptoms of neuropathic pain in the orofacial area often mimic odontogenic toothache, and it can easily be misdiagnosed and misdirected treatment ( Christoforou et al, 2015 ; Christoforou, 2018 ). The orofacial area consists of many kinds of structures innervated by the trigeminal system, head, sinus, masticatory musculature, temporomandibular joint, jaw, teeth, and gingiva, and the complexity induces many kinds of non-odontogenic toothache ( Schames et al, 2016 ).…”