Neurons of the rostral fastigial nucleus are responsive to cardiovascular and respiratory challenges

Lutherer, L. O.; Williams, John L.; Everse, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(89)90092-1

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, ablation of the anterior cerebellum decreases the increase iṅ V E induced by pressure application or stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle (268). Also in anesthetized mammals, electrical or chemical stimulation of the CFN increases breathing (30,218,219,352,357,358). Moreover ablation of the CFN attenuates the respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia (360,361).…”

Section: Role Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 96%

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Control of Breathing During Exercise

Forster

Haouzi

Dempsey

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

183

203

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During exercise by healthy mammals, alveolar ventilation and alveolar-capillary diffusion increase in proportion to the increase in metabolic rate to prevent PaCO2 from increasing and PaO2 from decreasing. There is no known mechanism capable of directly sensing the rate of gas exchange in the muscles or the lungs; thus, for over a century there has been intense interest in elucidating how respiratory neurons adjust their output to variables which can not be directly monitored. Several hypotheses have been tested and supportive data were obtained, but for each hypothesis, there are contradictory data or reasons to question the validity of each hypothesis. Herein, we report a critique of the major hypotheses which has led to the following conclusions. First, a single stimulus or combination of stimuli that convincingly and entirely explains the hyperpnea has not been identified. Second, the coupling of the hyperpnea to metabolic rate is not causal but is due to of these variables each resulting from a common factor which link the circulatory and ventilatory responses to exercise. Third, stimuli postulated to act at pulmonary or cardiac receptors or carotid and intracranial chemoreceptors are not primary mediators of the hyperpnea. Fourth, stimuli originating in exercising limbs and conveyed to the brain by spinal afferents contribute to the exercise hyperpnea. Fifth, the hyperventilation during heavy exercise is not primarily due to lactacidosis stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors. Finally, since volitional exercise requires activation of the CNS, neural feed-forward (central command) mediation of the exercise hyperpnea seems intuitive and is supported by data from several studies. However, there is no compelling evidence to accept this concept as an indisputable fact.

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Section: Role Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover ablation of the CFN attenuates the respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia (360,361). Finally, the CFN contains respiratorymodulated neurons responding to hypercapnia and hypoxia (145,219,359).…”

Section: Role Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 98%

Control of Breathing During Exercise

Forster

Haouzi

Dempsey

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

183

203

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“…The existence of important vasomotor centers, such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla nucleus and the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum have long been described (1,3,6,26). Such centers have been demonstrated to increase CBF dramatically when stimulated (7,10,30,36,44).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence For a Central Pathway in the Cerebrovascular Effects Of Spinal Cord Stimulation

Patel¹,

Huang²,

Sagher³

2004

Neurosurgery

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“…Bassal and Bianchi (3) first reported an altered respiratory response to electrical stimulation of the FNr in cats. Subsequent studies confirmed that low-frequency electrical (3,22,23,43,46) or chemical activation (44) of FNr neurons predominantly elevated ventilation, often associated with a pressor response in both anesthetized cats and rats. Ablation of this region attenuated the respiratory response to severe hypercapnia and hypoxia (44,45).…”

Section: Nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) Stimulation Of the Vioc Augmented Vmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Morphologically, IOc neurons project to cerebellar Purkinje cells and deep nuclei, particularly to the contralateral FNr (33). Several studies have demonstrated that, among the cerebellar deep nuclei, the FNr may play the most important role in respiratory modulation because it contains respiratory-modulated and chemosensitive neurons (9,42,47) and is the most involved in respiratory and cardiovascular modulation (9,22,23). Stimulation of FNr neurons modulates neuronal activity of the medullary respiratory group (42), medial vestibular nucleus (12,49), and the medullary gigantocellular nucleus (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

Zhuang¹,

Xu²,

Frazier³

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Zhuang J, Xu F, Frazier DT. Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol 104: 1351-1358, 2008. First published March 20, 2008 doi:10.1152 doi:10. /japplphysiol.00824.2007eral studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 A at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25-50 nl N-methyl-D-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65-70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr. cerebellum; sudden infant death syndrome; inferior olive projections; hypertension THE INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS (IO), a nucleic complex located ventromedially in the medulla oblongata, has been amply documented to play important roles in motor functions, e.g., motor coordination and motor learning (2, 14) and visceral renal functions (28,40). Recent evidence from clinical observations has implied a possible IO involvement in cardiorespiratory dysfunction. First, victims of sudden infant death syndrome, a sleep apnea syndrome precipitated by defective control of involuntary respiration, often show neurotransmitter receptor deficiencies (10), developmental abnormalities (16), and prominent neuropathological changes in the IO (15). Second, a specific neuronal loss in the IO was found in infants with severe perinatal asphyxia (36). Third, a tremendous alteration of c-Fos immunoreactivity was found in the IO of asphyxia rather than nonasphyxia cases, with the effects more specific than in any other region related to respiration (29). Expression of the fos gene in neuronal nuclei has been proposed to reflect second-messenger activation and, hence, serves as a sensitive indicator of cellular responses induced by various stimuli. In concert with the clinical observations, the possible role of the caudal IO (IOc) in cardiorespiratory modulation has also been reported in animals. For example, electrical stimulation to the IOc was reported to cause an apnea in anesthetized cats ...

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Neurons of the rostral fastigial nucleus are responsive to cardiovascular and respiratory challenges

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

Control of Breathing During Exercise

Control of Breathing During Exercise

Evidence For a Central Pathway in the Cerebrovascular Effects Of Spinal Cord Stimulation

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

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