Neurons and satellite glial cells in adult rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia express connexin 36

Armendáriz, Edna; Norcini, Monica; Hernández-Téllez, Beatriz; Castell-Rodrı́guez, Andrés; Coronel-Cruz, Cristina; Alquicira, Raquel Guerrero; Sideris, Alexandra; Recio-Pinto, Esperanza

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2017.11.005

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…G‐G and N‐G pairs were shown to exhibit distinctive voltage sensitivity and single channel properties, implying that the gap junction proteins (connexins) forming the channels are likely different (heterotypic). Several connexin types have been reported in TG and DRG including Cx26, Cx32, Cx36, Cx43 (Garrett & Durham, ; Ohara et al, ; Perez Armendariz et al, ; Procacci, Magnaghi, & Pannese, ). In a study quantifying expression levels in sensory ganglia (Manteniotis et al, ), genes encoding Cx32 and Cx43 were most abundant, followed by Cx30.2, Cx37, Cx26, Cx30, Cx45, and Cx36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the low voltage dependence of junctional conductance in N‐G pairs and the small unitary conductance of junctional channels between them (Figure ) suggest that Cx43 or other connexin proteins expressed in the SGCs may pair with a less voltage sensitive connexon with lower unitary conductance contributed by the neurons. One such possibility is Cx36, the major gap junction protein of CNS (Srinivas et al, ) and sensory ganglion neurons (Perez Armendariz et al, ), which is less voltage sensitive than Cx43 and would be expected to yield channels of about 60 pS conductance if their hemichannels were paired end to end with Cx43 hemichannels. Cx45 is another candidate for the neuron side; it has been found in a subtype of retinal ganglion cells (Schubert, Maxeiner, Kruger, Willecke, & Weiler, ) and in the brain it is widely expressed early in development, but becomes restricted to thalamus postnatally (Maxeiner et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gap junction mediated signaling between satellite glia and neurons in trigeminal ganglia

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Iglesias

Shraer

et al. 2019

Glia

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Peripheral sensory ganglia contain the somata of neurons mediating mechanical, thermal, and painful sensations from somatic, visceral, and oro-facial organs. Each neuronal cell body is closely surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs) that have properties and functions similar to those of central astrocytes, including expression of gap junction proteins and functional dye coupling. As shown in other pain models, after systemic pain induction by intra-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, dye coupling among SGCs in intact trigeminal ganglion was enhanced. Moreover, neuron-neuron and neuron-SGC coupling was also detected. To verify the presence of gap junction-mediated coupling between SGCs and sensory neurons, we performed dual whole cell patch clamp recordings from both freshly isolated and short term cultured cell pairs dissociated from mouse trigeminal ganglia. Bidirectional gap junction mediated electrical responses were frequently recorded between SGCs, between neurons and between neurons and SGCs. Polarization of SGC altered neuronal excitability, providing evidence that gap junction-mediated interactions between neurons and glia within sensory ganglia may contribute to integration of peripheral sensory responses, and to the modulation and coordinaton of neuronal activity. K E Y W O R D S connexin, dual whole cell recording, dye coupling, electrical coupling, glia-neuron communication

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap junction mediated signaling between satellite glia and neurons in trigeminal ganglia

Spray

Iglesias

Shraer

et al. 2019

Glia

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“…34) Ohara et al have shown that a CCI of the infraorbital nerve increased Cx43 protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion, and reducing Cx43 expression with RNA interference prevented nociceptive hypersensitivity. 32) These findings indicate that nerve injury increases Cx43 along the pain pathway, in both the CNS and the PNS.…”

Section: Biographymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Sensory neurons are surrounded by satellite cells, which is a type of glial cell. In the trigeminal ganglion, satellite glial cells express Cx43 31,32) and satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglion express both Cx43 and Cx36. 33,34) Some Cx subtypes expressed in either neurons or glial cells, as either gap junctions or hemichannels, are likely to be involved in pain perception, as blocking these channels or preventing their expression through gene knockout prevents the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in animal models of chronic pain.…”

Section: Connexinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, Cx43 is expressed in CNS astrocytes and satellite glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). 32,34,35) Spinal cord astrocytic Cx43 expression, in particular, has been shown to play a key role in chronic pain. Deletion of both Cx43 and Cx30 in mice prevented the emergence of heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia following a spinal cord injury.…”

Section: Connexinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Connexins in Chronic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets for Next-Generation Analgesics

Morioka

Nakamura

Zhang

et al. 2019

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic pain, is a serious clinical issue. There are increasing numbers of patients with chronic pain due to the growing number of elderly and it is estimated that about 25% of the global population will develop chronic pain. Chronic pain patients are refractory to medications used to treat acute pain such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity of chronic pain mechanisms hinder the development of new analgesics. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism of chronic pain is needed, which would facilitate the development of novel analgesics based on novel mechanisms. With this goal, connexins (Cxs) could be targeted for the development of new analgesics. Connexins are proteins with 20 subtypes, and function as channels, gap junctions between cells, and hemichannels that sample the extracellular space and release molecules such as neurotransmitters. Furthermore, Cxs could have functions independent of channel activity. Recent studies have shown that Cxs could be crucial in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain, and modulation of the activity or the expression of Cxs ameliorates nociceptive hypersensitivity in multiple chronic pain models. This review will cite novel findings on the role of of Cxs in the nociceptive transduction pathway under the chronic pain state and antinociceptive effects of various molecules modulating activity or expression of Cxs. Also, the potential of Cx modulation as a therapeutic strategy for intractable chronic pain will be discussed.

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Satellite Glial Cells and Astrocytes, a Comparative Review

Hanani

Verkhratsky

2021

Neurochem Res

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Neurons and satellite glial cells in adult rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia express connexin 36

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Gap junction mediated signaling between satellite glia and neurons in trigeminal ganglia

Gap junction mediated signaling between satellite glia and neurons in trigeminal ganglia

Role of Connexins in Chronic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets for Next-Generation Analgesics

Satellite Glial Cells and Astrocytes, a Comparative Review

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