Neurones and Synapses for Systemic Models of Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

We propose a mechanism-based modelling approach which brings together the most relevant features of neural dynamics and synaptic transmission for clinically valuable simulations of psychiatric disorders and their pharmaceutical treatment. It is based on a minimal, but physiologically justified concept, which allows to account for a great diversity of neuronal dynamics and synaptic mechanisms. It can simulate ionotropic as well as metabotropic receptors in addition to the effects of eventual co-transmitters and external neuromodulators. The proposed model can mimic the clinically most important aspects of synaptic disturbances, such as impaired transmitter availability or reduced number of postsynaptic receptors, for example due to their internalization as a function of transmitter concentration. It also allows evaluation of the effects of drugs with specific actions such as receptor agonists and antagonists or reuptake inhibitors. It is a major advantage of this physiologically based approach that it can be adjusted to different types of neurons and synapses, and also can be extended to more elaborate physiological situations, e. g. by including additional receptors or ion channels, whenever this is indicated by clinical or experimental data.

Dynamics of signal propagation and collision in axons

“…The equations are based on experimental measurements on the giant axon of the squid performed at a time when the technique for measuring membrane voltage dependent permeability was still in the works. The model has been extended and applied to numerous studies [22][23][24][25][26][27], has stimulated an enormous amount of research, and has also been extremely influential in advancing the field of neuronal science [28,29]. The equations describe the neuron's membrane as a capacitor in parallel with variable resistors (ionic channels more conveniently modeled as conductances) and Nernst potentials represented by batteries.…”

Stochasticity Versus Determinacy in Neurobiology: From Ion Channels to the Question of the “Free Will”

“…Anyway, to demonstrate stochasticity also at the synaptic level, it is sufficient to remember that also synaptic transmission, at different steps, involves opening and closing of diverse types of ion channels (Postnova et al, 2010). First, there are the voltagegated Na + and K + channels carrying the incoming, presynaptic AP.…”

Rosehip Neuron - A Review

“…Rosehip neurons are found in the cerebral cortex; these are histochemical cells and are inhibitory in action (Postnova et al, 2010). Rosehip neuronal cells help in treating disorders like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.…”

“…Rosehip neuronal cells help in treating disorders like Alzheimer's disease and dementia. In case of increased food intake, this neuron causes obesity, and the development of Proopiomelanocortin neurons will lead to hyperphagia, which is the increased adiposity (Postnova et al, 2010;Garcia-Garcia, 2020).…”