Neuronal Replacement as a Tool for Basal Ganglia Circuitry Repair: 40 Years in Perspective

Synaptic pathology in Huntington's disease: Beyond the corticostriatal pathway

“…The question is, how can we replace the massive loss of neurons and reconstruct synaptic microcircuits in striatum and other brain regions? Experimental models are beginning to provide an answer ( Bjorklund and Parmar, 2020 ). Implantation of multiple stem cell lines has been used to treat HD symptoms in animal models and were recently reviewed ( Holley et al, 2018 ).…”

A Novel Huntington's Disease Mouse Model to Assess the Role of Neuroinflammation on Disease Progression and to Develop Human Cell Therapies

“…The novel YACNSG transgenic mouse strain allows for the development of human cell transplantation products in a disease context. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The results from this study suggest that adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem (hMSC) cells engineered to express GFP and luciferase are retained longer than the YAC128 and similar to NSG mice. Our data demonstrates that cells are rapidly cleared from the CNS when using the parental YAC128 line without immune suppression as expected.…”

Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Hearing Loss

“…Generating specific neurons to function by implanting neural stem cells has become the focus of current research in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. For example, newborn neurons are used to replace dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and participate in the reconstruction of the nervous system ( Lindvall, 2015 ; Bjorklund and Parmar, 2020 ). Zhu et al found that stem cells also have great potential in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ( Zhu and Lu, 2020 ).…”