Neuronal Regression of Internal Leg Vibroreceptor Organs in a Cave-Dwelling Insect (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dolichopoda araneiformis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;)

Strauß, Johannes; Stritih, Nataša

doi:10.1159/000462957

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Overall, the CS in the proximal tibia in S. sipylus is closely associated with placement and in innervation with chordotonal organs. From a comparative perspective, this is similar to Orthoptera [12,36,37,49], where, however, the largest group of tibial CS is located close to the subgenual organ [12,37,50]. This is notably different in stick insects, where the largest group 6B is placed~400 µm more distally at the level of the DO, and innervated independently from the chordotonal organs.…”

Section: Innervation Of the Subgenual Organ Complex And The Campanifomentioning

confidence: 69%

Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg

Strauß

2020

Insects

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Mechanosensory organs in legs play are crucial receptors in the feedback control of walking and in the detection of substrate-borne vibrations. Stick insects serve as a model for the physiological role of chordotonal organs and campaniform sensilla. This study documents, by axonal tracing, the neural innervation of the complex chordotonal organs and groups of campaniform sensilla in the proximal tibia of the midleg in Sipyloidea sipylus. In total, 6 nerve branches innervate the different sensory structures, and the innervation pattern associates different sensilla types by their position. Sensilla on the anterior and posterior tibia are innervated from distinct nerve branches. In addition, the variation in innervation is studied for five anatomical branching points. The most common variation is the innervation of the subgenual organ sensilla by two nerve branches rather than a single one. The fusion of commonly separated nerve branches also occurred. However, a common innervation pattern can be demonstrated, which is found in >75% of preparations. The variation did not include crossings of nerves between the anterior and posterior side of the leg. The study corrects the innervation of the posterior subgenual organ reported previously. The sensory neuroanatomy and innervation pattern can guide further physiological studies of mechanoreceptor organs and allow evolutionary comparisons to related insect groups.

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Section: Innervation Of the Subgenual Organ Complex And The Campanifomentioning

confidence: 69%

Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg

Strauß

2020

Insects

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“…The DO is homologous to a chordotonal organ identified distally of the SGO in some Orthoptera, the intermediate organ (IO) (Lin et al, 1995;Strauß and Lakes-Harlan, 2013). The IO in Ensifera is studied eg., in tettigoniids, cave crickets, or weta, where it contains 12-20 sensilla (Lin et al, 1994;Jeram et al, 1995;Nishino and Field, 2003;Strauß and Stritih, 2017). In tettigoniids and cave crickets, the IO responds to substrate vibration but also airborne sound (Kalmring et al, 1994;Čokl et al, 1995;Stölting and Stumpner, 1998).…”

Section: Comparative Morphology and Evolutionary Convergence In Tibial Sensory Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subgenual Organ Complex in Stick Insects: Functional Morphology and Mechanical Coupling of a Complex Mechanosensory Organ

2021

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Leg chordotonal organs in insects show different adaptations to detect body movements, substrate vibrations, or airborne sound. In the proximal tibia of stick insects occur two chordotonal organs: the subgenual organ, a highly sensitive vibration receptor organ, and the distal organ, of which the function is yet unknown. The distal organ consists of a linear set of scolopidial sensilla extending in the tibia in distal direction toward the tarsus. Similar organs occur in the elaborate hearing organs in crickets and bushcrickets, where the auditory sensilla are closely associated with thin tympanal membranes and auditory trachea in the leg. Here, we document the position and attachment points for the distal organ in three species of stick insects without auditory adaptations (Ramulus artemis, Sipyloidea sipylus, and Carausius morosus). The distal organ is located in the dorsal hemolymph channel and attaches at the proximal end to the dorsal and posterior leg cuticle by tissue strands. The central part of the distal organ is placed closer to the dorsal cuticle and is suspended by fine tissue strands. The anterior part is clearly separated from the tracheae, while the distal part of the organ is placed over the anterior trachea. The distal organ is not connected to a tendon or muscle, which would indicate a proprioceptive function. The sensilla in the distal organ have dendrites oriented in distal direction in the leg. This morphology does not reveal obvious auditory adaptations as in tympanal organs, while the position in the hemolymph channel and the direction of dendrites indicate responses to forces in longitudinal direction of the leg, likely vibrational stimuli transmitted in the leg’s hemolymph. The evolutionary convergence of complex chordotonal organs with linear sensilla sets between tympanal hearing organs and atympanate organs in stick insects is emphasized by the different functional morphologies and sensory specializations.

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“…The neuroanatomy of chordotonal organs in Orthoptera like tympanal hearing organs or vibration receptor organs including the SGO is very similar between related insect species [Schumacher, 1973;Rössler et al, 1994;Lin et al, 1995;Strauß and Stritih, 2017]. However, speciesspecific differences in the number of sensilla in specific organs are frequently found [Schumacher, 1973;Rössler et al, 1994;Lin et al, 1995;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Neuroanatomy of the Mechanosensory Subgenual Organ Complex in the Peruvian Stick Insect, Oreophoetes peruana

Strauß

2022

Brain Behav Evol

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The subgenual organ complex in the leg of Polyneoptera (Insecta) consist of several chordotonal organs specialised to detect mechanical stimuli from substrate vibrations and airborne sound. In stick insects (Phasmatodea), the subgenual organ complex contains the subgenual organ and the distal organ located distally to the subgenual organ. The subgenual organ is a highly sensitive detector for substrate vibrations. The distal organ has a characteristic linear organisation of sensilla, and is likely also to respond to substrate vibrations. Despite its unique combination of sensory organs, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex of only very few species of stick insects has been investigated so far. Phylogenomic analysis has established for Phasmatodea the early branching of the sister groups Oriophasmata, the Old World phasmids, and Occiophasmata, the New World phasmids. The species studied for the sensory neuroanatomy, including the Indian stick insect Carausius morosus, belong to the Old World stick insects. Here, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is presented for a first species of the New World stick insects, the Peruvian stick insect Oreophoetes peruana. To document the sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex and their innervation pattern, and to compare these between females and males of this species and to the Old World stick insects, axonal tracing is used. This study documents the same sensory organs for O. peruana, subgenual organ and distal organ, as in other stick insects. Between the sexes of this species, there are no notable differences in the neuroanatomy of their sensory organs. The innervation pattern of tibial nerve branches in O. peruana is identical to other stick insect species, although the innervation pattern of the subgenual organ by a single tibial nerve branch is simpler. The shared organisation of the subgenual organ complex in both groups of Neophasmatodea (Old World and New World stick insects) indicates the sensory importance of the subgenual organ but also of the distal organ. Some variation exists in the innervation of the chordotonal organs in O. peruana though a common innervation pattern can be identified. The findings raise the question for the ancestral neuroanatomical organisation and innervation in stick insects.

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Neuronal Regression of Internal Leg Vibroreceptor Organs in a Cave-Dwelling Insect (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: <b><i>Dolichopoda araneiformis</i></b>)

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg

Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg

The Subgenual Organ Complex in Stick Insects: Functional Morphology and Mechanical Coupling of a Complex Mechanosensory Organ

Comparative Neuroanatomy of the Mechanosensory Subgenual Organ Complex in the Peruvian Stick Insect, Oreophoetes peruana

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