Gastropod mollusks are a classical model system for current neurobiologists, because of their relatively simple nervous systems, the fact that neurons can be identified, and because of the generality of the fundamental principles of the organization of their nervous and sensory systems and the analogous systems of more highly organized animals. Studies of the structural organization of the sensory systems of gastropods are important both for the comparative evolutionary aspect of understanding the major principles of receptor apparatus development and for modeling reception processes.Chemoreception is a leading sensory modality in mollusks. Gastropods use their chemosensory systems to orientate themselves in space, search for food and a place to live, and for other aspects of their lives [20,22,23,26,38,40]. Chemoreceptor cells are located in gastropods in the same way as mechanoreceptor and shade cells--in the skin of virtually the whole surface of the body, head, and mantle [22,28,36]. In addition, most species have more or less advanced chemosensory organs--cephalic antennae, lips, mouth, and osphradia. Electrophysiological and behavioral investigations indicate that the cephalic antennae are chemosensors predominantly for distant stimuli, while the lips and mouth are taste organs, and the osphradia, located in the 1Department of General Physiology and Laboratory of Nervous System Physiology (Director Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor A.