Neuronal maturation and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid development in human fetal and child brains

Kato, Tadaya; Nishina, Masami; Matsushita, Kazuhiro; Hori, Eitaro; Mito, Takashi; Takashima, Sachio

doi:10.1016/s0387-7604(96)00496-2

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…MRI/S detected an elevation of the myoinositol peak in some animals that has been described in association with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in human infants, as well as the low NAA, and elevated Lac demonstrated in figure 3 [50,51] . The increase in NAA noted from 48 h to 2 months was consistent with normal neurodevelopment [52] . This pilot study was not powered to detect treatment differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Prenatal Cord Clamping in Newborn <i>Macaca nemestrina:</i> A Model of Perinatal Asphyxia

et al. 2007

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Our objective was to establish a nonhuman primate model of perinatal asphyxia appropriate for preclinical evaluation of neuroprotective treatment strategies under conditions that closely resemble human neonatal emergencies, and to begin testing the safety and efficacy of erythropoietin neuroprotective treatment. Prior to delivery by hysterotomy, the umbilical cords of near term Macaca nemestrina (n = 8) were clamped for times ranging between 12 and 15 min. Animals received erythropoietin (5,000 U/kg/dose × 2 i.v., n = 3), or vehicle (n = 5) after resuscitation. We assessed physiologic parameters, continuous electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, safety parameters and behavior. Animals were euthanized at 4 months of age. Mean birth weight was 507 ± 62 g. Initial arterial pH ranged from 6.75 to 7.12, with base deficits of 17–25 mEq. Animals were flaccid at birth, with attenuated electroencephalograms, and seizures occurred in 3 of 8 animals. We demonstrated magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy changes consistent with hypoxia (elevated lactate levels were present in some animals), significant motor and behavioral abnormalities (particularly with 15 min of cord clamping), and evidence of gliosis at the time of death. We have established a reproducible model of moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury in M. nemestrina newborns. This model, which combines structural, biochemical, and behavioral assessments over time can be used to assess the safety and efficacy of neuroprotective strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Prenatal Cord Clamping in Newborn <i>Macaca nemestrina:</i> A Model of Perinatal Asphyxia

et al. 2007

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“…14,19,22 Definite metabolic characteristics of unmyelinated/premyelinated white matter are unknown, but several in vitro anatomic and metabolic findings and the results of in vivo studies suggest that the premyelination processes and ongoing myelination are reflected by NAA. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] However, the impact of premyelinating structures on the spectroscopy signals is probably too weak during the second trimester of pregnancy to redound a visible amount to the composition of the spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Spectroscopy of the Fetal Brain: Is It Possible without Sedation?

Berger‐Kulemann¹,

Brugger

Pugash

et al. 2012

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…7). NAA is a putative marker of neuronal activity representing both dendrite and synapse formation (Kato et al, 1997;Moffet et al, 2007). It may also be a marker for oligodendrocyte, proliferation, and differentiation (Bhakoo et al, 2000) and would be expected to increase with increasing gestation.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Proton Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

MR imaging methods for assessing fetal brain development

Rutherford¹,

Jiang²,

Allsop³

et al. 2008

Developmental Neurobiology

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Fetal magnetic resonance imaging provides an ideal tool for investigating growth and development of the brain in vivo. Current imaging methods have been hampered by fetal motion but recent advances in image acquisition can produce high signal to noise, high resolution 3-dimensional datasets suitable for objective quantification by state of the art post acquisition computer programs. Continuing development of imaging techniques will allow a unique insight into the developing brain, more specifically process of cell migration, axonal pathway formation, and cortical maturation. Accurate quantification of these developmental processes in the normal fetus will allow us to identify subtle deviations from normal during the second and third trimester of pregnancy either in the compromised fetus or in infants born prematurely.

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Neuronal maturation and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid development in human fetal and child brains

Cited by 54 publications

References 7 publications

Prenatal Cord Clamping in Newborn <i>Macaca nemestrina:</i> A Model of Perinatal Asphyxia

Prenatal Cord Clamping in Newborn <i>Macaca nemestrina:</i> A Model of Perinatal Asphyxia

MR Spectroscopy of the Fetal Brain: Is It Possible without Sedation?

MR imaging methods for assessing fetal brain development

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