Neuronal Architecture of On and Off Pathways to Ganglion Cells in Carp Retina

Famiglietti, Edward V.; Kaneko, Akimichi; Tachibana, Makoto

doi:10.1126/science.73223

Cited by 459 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The hypothesis suggests that off signals, generated in off-center bipolar cells as a depolarization at light off, are processed in sublamina a, the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer, and that on signals are processed in sublamina b, the vitread half of the inner plexiform layer. The light microscopic observations in the carp (2,6) that off-center bipolar cell axons terminate in sublamina a, and dendrites of offcenter ganglion and oif-type amacrine cells are confined to sublamina a support this hypothesis. Similar morphological arrangements of on cells are found for sublamina b, the vitread half of the inner plexiform layer.…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…1. As reported for on-center cells (2), the axon extends to the sublamina b, close to the ganglion cell layer. A few fine terminal processes are seen spreading from this terminal bulb.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the inner plexiform layer of the carp and cat retina, it has been hypothesized that signals concerning the onset and cessation of illumination are handled in two discrete sublayers (2,3,6,10). The hypothesis suggests that off signals, generated in off-center bipolar cells as a depolarization at light off, are processed in sublamina a, the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer, and that on signals are processed in sublamina b, the vitread half of the inner plexiform layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it is known that on-type amacrine cells have their dendrites in this sublamina (2,6), the synapses containing spherical vesicles are supposed to come from these amacrine cells. Therefore, reciprocal interaction between bipolar and amacrine cells seems to operate mainly between a pair of the same response polarity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of afferent synapses along on-center bipolar cell axons in the carp retina

Kaneko¹,

Nishimura

Tauchi³

et al. 1980

Biomed. Res.

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Electron microscopic observation of horseradish peroxidase-injected on-center bipolar cell axons revealed that both afferent (ribbon) and efferent (conventional) synapses were confined in the vitread half of the axon, lying in sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The off-center bipolar cell axons extended only to sublamina a of the IPL. This observation presents morphological support for establishing the hypothesis that on and off signals have separate pathways in the carp retina.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

“…1. As reported for on-center cells (2), the axon extends to the sublamina b, close to the ganglion cell layer. A few fine terminal processes are seen spreading from this terminal bulb.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of afferent synapses along on-center bipolar cell axons in the carp retina

Kaneko¹,

Nishimura

Tauchi³

et al. 1980

Biomed. Res.

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“…In addition, rod bipolar cell terminals, easily identified by their cytologic characteristics in mammalian retinae (Kolb and Famiglietti, 1974;Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Kolb, 1979;McGuire et al, 1984McGuire et al, , 1986, did not synapse onto Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes. These findings indicate that Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes receive bipolar cell axonal input, although which cone bipolar cell types (Euler and Wässle, 1995;Hartveit, 1996) provide this input remains to be determined.Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes make conventional synaptic contacts onto ganglion cell dendrites (54%) and unlabeled amacrine cell processes (34%) in both the ON and OFF sublaminae of the IPL (Famiglietti et al, 1977). Y1-immunolabeled amacrine cell processes did not form synaptic contacts onto bipolar cell axon terminals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

D'Angelo¹,

Oh²,

Chun³

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an inhibitory neuropeptide expressed by a moderately dense population of wide-field amacrine cells in the rat retina, acts through multiple (Y1-y6) G-protein-coupled receptors. This study determined the cellular localization of Y1 receptors and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 processes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the rat retina. Specific Y1 immunoreactivity was localized to horizontal cell bodies in the distal inner nuclear layer and their processes in the outer plexiform layer. Immunoreactivity was also prominent in cell processes located in strata 2 and 4, and puncta in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. Double-label immunohistochemical experiments with calbindin, a horizontal cell marker, confirmed Y1 immunostaining in all horizontal cells. Double-label immunohistochemical experiments, using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter to label cholinergic amacrine cell processes, demonstrated that Y1 immunoreactivity in strata 2 and 4 of the IPL was localized to cholinergic amacrine cell processes. Electron microscopic studies of the inner retina showed that Y1-immunostained amacrine cell processes and puncta received synaptic inputs from unlabeled amacrine cell processes (65.2%) and bipolar cell axon terminals (34.8%). Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes most frequently formed synaptic outputs onto unlabeled amacrine cell processes (34.0%) and ganglion cell dendrites (54.1%). NPY immunoreactivity in the rat retina is distributed primarily to strata 1 and 5 of the IPL, and the present findings, thus, suggest that NPY acts in a paracrine manner on Y1 receptors to influence both horizontal and amacrine cells. Indexing termsamacrine cells; choline acetyltransferase; calcium binding protein; horizontal cells; neuropeptides Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has multiple physiologic actions in both the central and peripheral nervous system, including effects on blood flow, memory retention, food intake, epilepsy, and pain (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and Herzog, 1997;Thorsell et al., 2000;Furtinger et al., 2001;Naveilhan et al., 2001). These NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript effects are mediated by means of at least five G-protein-coupled receptors, designated as Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and y6, which are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory Gproteins (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and Herzog, 1997;Michel et al., 1998). Y-receptors have been localized to specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous system by receptor binding autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization (Zhang et al., 1994;Bao et al., 1997;Jacques et al., 1997;Dumont et al., 1998;Hökfelt et al., 1998;Gackenheimer et al., 2001). Y1 receptor is the most studied Y-receptor and it plays key roles in many of the central and peripheral effects of NPY (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and H...

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A calbindin-immunoreactive cone bipolar cell type in the rabbit retina

1996

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We have studied the distribution of the calcium-binding protein calbindin in the adult rabbit retina by using a commercially available antibody and immunocytochemical methods. The most heavily labeled cells are A-type horizontal cells, but B-type horizontal cells are also lightly labeled by this antibody. Among the horizontal cells, there is a mosaic of small, well-labeled somata, which we have identified as a subset of ON cone bipolar cells. In addition, some wide-field amacrine cells and a few large ganglion cells are also labeled for calbindin. The calbindin bipolar cells form a regular mosaic with a peak density of approximately 1,700 cells/mm2, falling to 550 cells/mm2 in the periphery. They account for about one-twelfth of cone bipolar cells, and they are narrowly stratified deep in sublamina 4 of the inner plexiform layer immediately above the rod bipolar terminals. Double-label experiments using an antibody to protein kinase C (PKC) indicate that the calbindin bipolar cells are completely distinct from the population of rod bipolar cells. Rod bipolar cells outnumber the calbindin cone bipolar cells by a factor of four to five. Further double-label experiments show that the calbindin bipolar cells are also labeled for recoverin. The calbindin bipolar cells are well coupled to AII amacrine cells, and they account for roughly 23% of the AII coupled bipolar cells. This suggests that there are three to four additional ON cone bipolar cell types that are coupled to AII amacrine cells. The calbindin cone bipolar cell described in this paper shares many characteristics with a reconstructed cone bipolar cell that forms the most gap junctions with AII amacrine cells (Strettoi et al. [1994] J. Comp. Neurol. 347:139-149). We conclude that these different methodologies provide complementary descriptions of the same cone bipolar cell type. The calbindin antibody defines a subset of cone bipolar cells in the rabbit retina. The cells in this subset are almost certainly the deepest of the cone bipolar cells. The tight stratification of the calbindin cone bipolar cell suggests that the inner plexiform layer is stratified according to depth, with narrow functional divisions within the broad partition of sublamina b, where ON signals are processed. The strength of coupling between the calbindin cone bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells suggests this pathway plays a major role under scotopic conditions.

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Neuronal Architecture of On and Off Pathways to Ganglion Cells in Carp Retina

Cited by 459 publications

References 15 publications

<b>Distribution of afferent synapses along on-center bipolar cell axons in the carp </b><b>retina </b>

<b>Distribution of afferent synapses along on-center bipolar cell axons in the carp </b><b>retina </b>

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

A calbindin-immunoreactive cone bipolar cell type in the rabbit retina

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