2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69660-1
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Neuronal adenosine A2A receptors signal ergogenic effects of caffeine

Abstract: Caffeine is one of the most used ergogenic aid for physical exercise and sports. However, its mechanism of action is still controversial. The adenosinergic hypothesis is promising due to the pharmacology of caffeine, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. We now investigated A 2A R as a possible ergogenic mechanism through pharmacological and genetic inactivation. Forty-two adult females (20.0 ± 0.2 g) and 40 male mice (23.9 ± 0.4 g) from a global and forebrain A 2A R knockout (KO) colo… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…Acute exercise increases adenosine levels in human blood [ 2 , 3 ] and the rat brain [ 4 ]. Accordingly, adenosine contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation [ 5 ] and also causes drowsiness and tiredness at rest, being a candidate molecule to signal exercise fatigue [ 6 8 ]. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, is well-established to cause an ergogenic effect [ 8 , 9 ], which is mimicked by selective antagonists of adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A R), abrogated in forebrain A 2A R knockout mice [ 8 ], and eliminated upon administration of the A 2 R agonist NECA [ 6 , 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Acute exercise increases adenosine levels in human blood [ 2 , 3 ] and the rat brain [ 4 ]. Accordingly, adenosine contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation [ 5 ] and also causes drowsiness and tiredness at rest, being a candidate molecule to signal exercise fatigue [ 6 8 ]. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, is well-established to cause an ergogenic effect [ 8 , 9 ], which is mimicked by selective antagonists of adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A R), abrogated in forebrain A 2A R knockout mice [ 8 ], and eliminated upon administration of the A 2 R agonist NECA [ 6 , 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accordingly, adenosine contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation [ 5 ] and also causes drowsiness and tiredness at rest, being a candidate molecule to signal exercise fatigue [ 6 8 ]. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, is well-established to cause an ergogenic effect [ 8 , 9 ], which is mimicked by selective antagonists of adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A R), abrogated in forebrain A 2A R knockout mice [ 8 ], and eliminated upon administration of the A 2 R agonist NECA [ 6 , 10 ]. These observations strongly imply central A 2A R as critical regulators of the impact of adenosine on exercise performance, whereas there is no consistent evidence for the involvement of A 1 , A 2B , or A 3 receptors in the control of exercise performance.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The incremental protocol started at 10 cm/s with an increment of 5 cm/s every 2 min at a slope of 5 . The exercise test lasted until running exhaustion, defined by the animal's inability to leave the electrical grid (0.2 mA) for 5 s (18,19).…”
Section: Physical Exercisementioning
confidence: 99%
“…V _ O 2peak was estimated during treadmill running in a metabolic chamber (Gas Analyzer ML206, 23 Â 5 Â 5 cm, AD Instruments, Harvard) coupled to the treadmill (18). Mice remained in the chamber for 15 min before exercise testing.…”
Section: Physical Exercisementioning
confidence: 99%
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