Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Rare Cause of Spinal Cord and Optic Nerve Involvement

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is defined as a rare central nervous system, demyelinating, autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4. Commonly affecting females, NMOSD is known to also be a relapsing disease and can increase in severity during each episode. Diagnostic criteria include ruling out multiple sclerosis, spinal magnetic resonance imaging, and autoantibody detection. While management focuses on relapse treatment and prevention, high-dose steroids and plasma exchange have proven to be useful options. We present a case of a young female presenting with NMOSD relapse appropriately managed with plasma exchange.