Neuromyelitis Optica*

Scott, George I.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(52)90666-1

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar cases have been recorded by Kohut & Richter (1945) and by Miller & Evans (1953), and it seems likely that the condition is much more closely allied to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (Scott 1952) of which it may be a clinical variant (Miller & Evans 1953).…”

Section: Neuromyelitis Opticasupporting

confidence: 74%

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Ophthalmic Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

Scott¹

1961

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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Section: Neuromyelitis Opticasupporting

confidence: 74%

“…As the detailed clinical findings at the onset of the disease have already been published (Scott 1952), I will do no more than summarize the original findings.…”

Section: Prognosis For Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

Scott¹

1961

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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“…Finally, glial scars are formed although scarring is less frequent and usually only partial in contrast to typical MS lesions. Scott 30 in 1952, commenting on Stanbury's review, disagreed over his conclusion about the inexorably poor outcome of the disease and drew attention to cases with good functional recovery. He described cases with visual loss associated with minimal spinal cord dysfunction and even the occurrence of "abortive types" with binocular loss of vision not followed by paraplegia.…”

Section: Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: a critical review

Lana-Peixoto

2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Devic's neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating and necrotizing disease characterized by predominant involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord. In Asian countries relapsing NMO has been known as opticospinal multiple sclerosis. It has long been debated if NMO is a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) or a distinct disease. Recent studies have shown that NMO has more frequently a relapsing course, and results from attack to aquaporin-4 which is the dominant water channel in the central nervous system, located in foot processes of the astrocytes. Distinctive pathological features of NMO include perivascular deposition of IgG and complement in the perivascular space, granulocyte and eosinophil infiltrates and hyalinization of the vascular walls. These features distinguish NMO from other demyelinating diseases such as MS and acute demyelinating encephalomyelopathy. An IgG-antibody that binds to aquaporin-4, named NMO-IgG has high sensitivity and specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed that more frequently there is a long spinal cord lesion that extends through three or more vertebral segments in length. Brain MRI lesions atypical for MS are found in the majority of cases. Treatment in the acute phase includes intravenous steroids and plasma exchange therapy. Immunosupressive agents are recommended for prophylaxis of relapses.KEY WORS: Devic's neuromyelitis optica, opticospinal multiple sclerosis, recurring optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, aquaporin-4, NMO-IgG antibody. Neuromielite óptica de Devic: revisão críticaResumo -Neuromielite óptica ou doença de Devic (NMO) é uma doença inflamatória com desmielinização e necrose envolvendo preferencialmente os nervos ópticos e a medula espinal. Desde sua descrição inicial tem havido controvérsia se a NMO é uma variante da esclerose múltipla (EM) ou se é uma entidade independente. Na Ásia a doença é conhecida como esclerose múltipla óptico-espinal. Recentes avanços tem demonstrado que na maioria dos casos a NMO é recorrente e resulta de alterações inflamatórias por ataque à aquaporina-4, uma proteína localizada nos pés dos astrócitos na barreira hemato-encefálica. Patologicamente a NMO difere da EM pela presença de necrose e cavitação no centro da medula, deposição perivascular de IgG e complemento, infiltração de neutrófilos e eosinófilos, assim como por hiperplasia e hialinização dos vasos. O anticorpo contra a aquaporina-4 (IgG-NMO), detectado no soro dos pacientes, tem alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Imagem por ressonância magnética demonstra lesão medular que se estende três ou mais segmentos vertebrais. Na maioria dos casos há lesões cerebrais atípicas para EM. Corticosteróide venoso em altas doses e plasmaférese são usados no tratamento das fases agudas, enquanto os imunossupressores devem ser usados na profilaxia das recorrências. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: neuromielite óptica, doença de Devic, esclerose múltipla óptico-espinal, neurite óptica recorrente, mielite transversa, aquaporina-4, IgG-NMO.

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“…In NMO, necrosis and cavitation affect the gray and white matter in the spinal cord and optic nerve lesions with extensive macrophage infiltration associated with large numbers of perivascular granulocytes, eosinophils, and rare T cells [ 2 3 ]. Prominent vascular fibrosis and hyalinization are found in both active and inactive lesions [ 2 3 4 5 6 ]. Compared to NMO, inflammatory demyelination is regarded as a pathologic hallmark of disease in MS. Axons are relatively preserved in MS compared to NMO.…”

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confidence: 99%

Initial Pattern of Optic Nerve Enhancement in Korean Patients with Unilateral Optic Neuritis

Son

Park

Seok

et al. 2017

Korean J Ophthalmol

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether the pattern of optic nerve enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to differentiate between idiopathic optic neuritis (ON), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in unilateral ON.MethodsAn MRI of the brain and orbits was obtained in patients with acute unilateral ON. Patients with ON were divided into three groups: NMO, MS, and idiopathic ON. The length and location of the abnormal optic nerve enhancement were compared for ON eyes with and without NMO or MS. The correlation between the pattern of optic nerve enhancement and the outcome of visual function was analyzed.ResultsOf the 36 patients with ON who underwent an MRI within 2 weeks of the onset, 19 were diagnosed with idiopathic ON, 9 with NMO, and 8 with MS. Enhancement of the optic nerve occurred in 21 patients (58.3%) and was limited to the orbital segment in 12 patients. Neither the length nor the location of the optic nerve enhancement was significantly correlated with visual functions other than contrast sensitivity or the diagnosis of idiopathic ON, MS, or NMO. Patients with greater extent of optic nerve sheath enhancement and more posterior segment involvement showed higher contrast sensitivity.ConclusionsOur data revealed that the pattern of optic nerve enhancement was not associated with diagnosis of idiopathic ON, NMO, or MS in Korean patients with unilateral ON. We believe further studies that include different ethnic groups will lead to a more definitive answer on this subject.

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Neuromyelitis Optica*

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Ophthalmic Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

Ophthalmic Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: a critical review

Initial Pattern of Optic Nerve Enhancement in Korean Patients with Unilateral Optic Neuritis

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