Neuromuscular transmission in the gastrointestinal tract

Hoyle, Charles H.V.; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp060113

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…From these results, it was deduced that pacemaker cells and possibly the related smooth muscle cells contributing to the large contractions were innervated by cholinergic excitatory nerves, nitrergic inhibitory nerves, substance P-ergic excitatory nerves and NANCNN inhibitory nerves. These results agree with the type of neurons involved in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tissue (Hoyle and Burnstock, 1989;Furness et al, 1994;Kuriyama et al, 1998;Kunze and Furness 1999;Furness, 2000;Lomax and Furness, 2000), and were also in agreement with the results examined in the proximal region but not the pacemaker area of the guinea-pig colon (Kodama et al, 2010). The density of the nerves distributed in individual preparations seemed to be non-homogenous, and in general the former two were high, compared to the latter two.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Gastrointestinal smooth muscle has a rich distribution of excitatory peptidergic nerves which release substance P in response to TNS (Hoyle and Burnstock, 1989). It was therefore suggested that the capsaicin-sensitive responses were produced by substance P released from peptidergic nerves (or substance P-ergic nerves), while an involvement of unidentified substances released from non-adrenergic non-cholinergic non-nitrergic (NANCNN) inhibitory nerves was suggested in the apamin-sensitive responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of spontaneous contractions and their modulation by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle isolated from the pacemaker area in the flexure region of the guinea-pig colon

Fujimoto

Shigemasa

Suzuki

2010

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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The properties of spontaneous contractions and their modulation by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) were investigated in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the "pacemaker area" in the flexure region of the guinea-pig colon. Four types of preparation were made; mucosal layer removed preparations, mucosal and submucosal layer removed preparations (submucosal layer removed preparations), longitudinal muscle removed preparations, and preparations with all layers attached (intact preparations). Intact and mucosal layer removed preparations periodically generated two types of phasic contractions; large contractions at a low frequency (about 2 times per min) and small contractions at a higher frequency (about 13 times per min). Submucosal layer removed preparations only produced large contractions, while longitudinal muscle removed preparations only produced small contractions. Both the amplitude and frequency of the large contractions were significantly inhibited by atropine, but were not markedly modulated by N ω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) in either intact, mucosal layer removed or submucosal layer removed preparations. Small contractions were not significantly modulated by atropine or L-NA in any type of preparation. In both intact and mucosal layer removed preparations, TNS (1 Hz frequency, for 2-3 min) increased the amplitude and/or frequency of large contractions, but caused no significant change in small contractions. TNS also increased the amplitude and/or frequency of large contractions in submucosal layer removed preparations, but did not significantly modulate small contractions in longitudinal muscle removed preparations. Exogenously applied acetylcholine (>10 -7 M) enhanced, while sodium nitroprusside (>10 -8 M) inhibited, the amplitude and frequency of both types of contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that the large contractions were elicited by interstitial cells distributed in the myenteric layer (ICC-MP), while the small contractions were elicited by ICC distributed in the submuscular plexus layer (ICC-SMP). Intramural nerves mainly modulated the activity of ICC-MP, while neural regulation of ICC-SMP was weak.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of spontaneous contractions and their modulation by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle isolated from the pacemaker area in the flexure region of the guinea-pig colon

Fujimoto

Shigemasa

Suzuki

2010

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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“…The possible contribution of ACh released from cholinergic nerves and the generation of action potentials produced during generation of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.) in smooth muscle cells in the initial contraction is considered, since this contraction response is partially inhibited by atropine (Hoyle and Burnstock, 1989;Kuriyama et al, 1998). However, the mechanism of the inhibition of the initial transient contraction by hexamethonium remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of smooth muscle isolated from the proximal colon of the guinea-pig

Kodama

Iino²,

Shigemasa

et al. 2010

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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The properties of mechanical responses elicited by stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) were investigated in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the proximal colon of guinea-pig. Application of ACh (10 -8 -10 -6 M) for 3-5 min produced a biphasic response, with an initial contraction followed by a relaxation. Atropine inhibited the initial contraction, while N ω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) inhibited the relaxation, suggesting that the former was produced by activation of muscarinic receptors while the latter was produced by an elevated production of nitric oxide (NO). In the presence of atropine, the ACh-relaxation was attenuated by removal of the mucosa and abolished by removal of both submucosal and mucosal layers. The ACh-induced relaxation was also attenuated by either tetrodotoxin (TTX, 3 × 10 -7 M) or hexamethonium (10 -6 M). In the presence of atropine, transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) elicited a biphasic response, with an initial phasic contraction followed by a relaxation. The amplitude of TNS-induced relaxation was significantly reduced by hexamethonium or L-NA and was abolished by TTX. Both ACh and TNS produced relaxation in preparations isolated from the proximal colon, but not in those from the middle part of colon. Immunohistochemistry for neuronal nitric oxide synthase revealed no difference in the distribution of nitrergic nerves between the proximal and middle part of the colon, with nitrergic nerves in both the mucosal and submucosal layers as well as in the smooth muscle and myenteric layers. These results suggest that ACh induces NO production by excitation of postganglionic nerves distributed mainly in the mucosal and submucosal layers. In circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the middle part of colon, ACh or TNS produced contractile responses alone, with no associated relaxation, suggesting that the ACh-activated postganglionic nitrergic nerves are distributed in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the proximal colon but not in the middle part of the colon.

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“…The changes in membrane potential of gastrointestinal smooth muscle in response to transmural nerve stimulation consist of a complex mixture of excitatory and inhibitory potentials (Hoyle & Burnstock, 1989). The two potentials are likely to be generated by separate substances, since they show different electrical properties and sensitivities to pharmacological blocking drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excitatory junction potential (ej.p.) generated in the smooth muscle of most regions of the gastro-intestinal tract is sensitive to atropine, and thus this potential is likely to be generated by acetylcholine (ACh) (Hoyle & Burnstock, 1989). In the guinea-pig small intestine, an ej.p.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of the inhibitory junction potential in smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig gastric fundus

Ohno

Lü

Yamamoto

et al. 1996

British J Pharmacology

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1 In circular smooth muscle of the guinea-pig gastric fundus, transmural nerve stimulation evoked a cholinergic excitatory junction potential (ej.p.), and blockade of the ej.p. by atropine revealed a nonadrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory junction potential (ij.p.).2 The amplitude of the ej.p. was increased by apamin, suramin or NGnitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), with no significant change in the membrane potential. 3 The ij.p. consisted of two components (fast and slow); apamin inhibited the former, nitroarginine inhibited the latter, and suramin inhibited both components. 4 Apamin inhibited the hyperpolarization produced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) but not by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Suramin inhibited the hyperpolarization produced by VIP but not by ATP. The sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hyperpolarization was not blocked by apamin or suramin. L-NOARG or tetrodotoxin did not inhibit the hyperpolarization produced by ATP, VIP or SNP. 5 The data did not support the hypothesis that ATP, VIP or nitric oxide (NO) is the main transmitter responsible for generation of the NANC ij.p. in the fundus. 6 Actions of L-NOARG suggest that endogenous NO may be involved in junctional transmission, mainly as an inhibitory modulator of cholinergic transmission.

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Neuromuscular transmission in the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 49 publications

References 213 publications

Properties of spontaneous contractions and their modulation by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle isolated from the pacemaker area in the flexure region of the guinea-pig colon

Properties of spontaneous contractions and their modulation by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle isolated from the pacemaker area in the flexure region of the guinea-pig colon

Properties of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of smooth muscle isolated from the proximal colon of the guinea-pig

Properties of the inhibitory junction potential in smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig gastric fundus

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