Neuromuscular model for the stretch reflex in passive movement of spastic elbow joint

The pendulum test for evaluating spasticity of the elbow joint

“…5 More complicated parameters are derived from estimating proprietarily proposed models of the knee joint. The proposed models range from simple linear models 6,7 to more complicated models incorporating structural and physiologic details 8,9 and time-varying parameters. 10 For the clinical applications, Katz et al 4 showed that the results of the pendulum test correlate well with clinical perception.…”