Several previous clinical or preclinical studies using computerized texture analysis of MR Images have demonstrated much more clinical discrimination than visual image analysis by the radiologist. In muscular dystrophy, a discriminating power has been already demonstrated with various methods of texture analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI-TA). Unfortunately, a scale gap exists between the spatial resolutions of histological and MR images making a direct correlation impossible. Furthermore, the effect of the various histological modifications on the grey level of each pixel is complex and cannot be easily analyzed. Consequently, clinicians will not accept the use of MRI-TA in routine practice if TA remains a "black box" without clinical correspondence at a tissue level. A goal therefore of the multicenter European COST action MYO-MRI is to optimize MRI-TA methods in muscular dystrophy and to elucidate the histological meaning of MRI textures.
ReviewSeveral methods of image post-processing have been developed for Texture Analysis of Magnetic Resonance images (MRI-TA) and have already demonstrated stimulating results in a large range of pre-clinical or clinical applications [1]; MRI-TA usually provides much more clinical discrimination than visual analysis of MR images by the radiologist [2]; visual analysis (about 100 grey level can be discriminated) is ten times less sensitive to fine and local grey level changes than computer analysis (about 1000 grey level by using computer detection). There is presently no well-established consensus concerning the limits of texture visual perception but it is clear that texture represented by higher orders statistics can only be discriminated by computerized image analysis.In normal versus dystrophic muscles, a discriminating power at an early stage and during disease evolution has been demonstrated with various MRI-TA methods: some MRI texture parameters in healthy or diseased skeletal muscle have previously been related to fat infiltration [3,4] to the loss of orientation of muscle fibers [3], to the disturbance of perimysium [3], to the mean size of necrotic and regeneration foci [5], to the proportion of oxidative myofibers [5], to the endomysal fibrosis [5] and collagen content [4] or to the heterogeneity of myofiber size [5].