Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

Clos, Pierre; Laroche, Davy; Stapley, Paul J.; Lepers, Romuald

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00354

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In order to provide a more comprehensive view of the changes observed, pedaling intensities ranged from 30 to 90% PPO and the activity of four leg muscles was assessed. ECC cycling also elicits particular perceptual responses [ 14 ], the gap in EMG RMS at a given mechanical power output is accompanied by a perception of less effort in ECC than in CON cycling [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The second aim of this study was therefore to assess whether the four cycling sessions would affect perception of effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Muscle Activity and Perception of Effort before and after Four Short Sessions of Submaximal Eccentric Cycling

Clos

Lepers

2020

IJERPH

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Background: This study tested muscle activity (EMG) and perception of effort in eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) cycling before and after four sessions of both. Methods: Twelve volunteers naïve to ECC cycling attended the laboratory six times. On day 1, they performed a CON cycling peak power output (PPO) test. They then carried-out four sessions comprising two sets of 1 to 1.5-min cycling bouts at 5 intensities (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90% PPO) in ECC and CON cycling. On day 2 and day 6 (two weeks apart), EMG root mean square of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and soleus (SOL) muscles, was averaged from 15 to 30 s within each 1-min bout and perception of effort was asked after 45 s. Results: Before the four cycling sessions, while VL EMG was lower in ECC than CON cycling, most variables were not different. Afterwards, ECC cycling exhibited lower RF EMG at 75 and 90% PPO (all p < 0.02), lower VL and BF EMG at all exercise intensities (all p < 0.02), and inferior SOL EMG (all p < 0.04) except at 45% PPO (p = 0.07). Perception of effort was lower in ECC cycling at all exercise intensities (all p < 0.03) but 60% PPO (p = 0.11). Conclusions: After four short sessions of ECC cycling, the activity of four leg muscles and perception of effort became lower in ECC than in CON cycling at most of five power outputs, while they were similar before.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Muscle Activity and Perception of Effort before and after Four Short Sessions of Submaximal Eccentric Cycling

Clos

Lepers

2020

IJERPH

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“…The current review focuses on tempo ECC training, flywheel inertial training (FIT), accentuated ECC loading (AEL), and plyometric training (PT). The authors are aware that other training methods, such as weightlifting catching and pulling derivatives [62][63][64][65], loaded jumping exercises [66], ECC cycling [67,68], change of direction drills [69], and various sprinting tasks, provide an ECC loading stimulus; however, further details on these methods were not included within this review due to either insufficient evidence or the secondary nature of this training stimulus. Table 2 displays the theoretical hypertrophy, strength, and power training potential of each of the below training methods.…”

Section: Eccentric Training Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Suchomel

Wagle²,

Douglas³

et al. 2019

JFMK

101

127

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The purpose of this review was to provide a physiological rationale for the use of eccentric resistance training and to provide an overview of the most commonly prescribed eccentric training methods. Based on the existing literature, there is a strong physiological rationale for the incorporation of eccentric training into a training program for an individual seeking to maximize muscle size, strength, and power. Specific adaptations may include an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, force output, and fiber shortening velocities, all of which have the potential to benefit power production characteristics. Tempo eccentric training, flywheel inertial training, accentuated eccentric loading, and plyometric training are commonly implemented in applied contexts. These methods tend to involve different force absorption characteristics and thus, overload the muscle or musculotendinous unit in different ways during lengthening actions. For this reason, they may produce different magnitudes of improvement in hypertrophy, strength, and power. The constraints to which they are implemented can have a marked effect on the characteristics of force absorption and therefore, could affect the nature of the adaptive response. However, the versatility of the constraints when prescribing these methods mean that they can be effectively implemented to induce these adaptations within a variety of populations.

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“…While the current review provides practical recommendations for several ECC training methods, the authors acknowledge that other training tools such as weightlifting movements and their derivatives [115][116][117][118], loaded jumping exercises [119], ECC cycling [120,121], change of direction drills [8], and various sprinting tasks may provide an ECC overload stimulus; however, practical recommendations of these methods were not included in this review due to either insufficient evidence, or the secondary nature of the training stimulus.…”

Section: Integration With Other Training Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 2: Practical Recommendations

Suchomel

Wagle²,

Douglas³

et al. 2019

JFMK

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The purpose of this review is to provide strength and conditioning practitioners with recommendations on how best to implement tempo eccentric training (TEMPO), flywheel inertial training (FIT), accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), and plyometric training (PT) into resistance training programs that seek to improve an athlete’s hypertrophy, strength, and power output. Based on the existing literature, TEMPO may be best implemented with weaker athletes to benefit positional strength and hypertrophy due to the time under tension. FIT may provide an effective hypertrophy, strength, and power stimulus for untrained and weaker individuals; however, stronger individuals may not receive the same eccentric (ECC) overload stimulus. Although AEL may be implemented throughout the training year to benefit hypertrophy, strength, and power output, this strategy is better suited for stronger individuals. When weaker and stronger individuals are exposed to PT, they are exposed to an ECC overload stimulus as a result of increases in the ECC force and ECC rate of force development. In conclusion, when choosing to utilize ECC training methods, the practitioner must integrate these methods into a holistic training program that is designed to improve the athlete’s performance capacity.

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Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Leg Muscle Activity and Perception of Effort before and after Four Short Sessions of Submaximal Eccentric Cycling

Leg Muscle Activity and Perception of Effort before and after Four Short Sessions of Submaximal Eccentric Cycling

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 2: Practical Recommendations

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