Neuromuscular and balance responses to flywheel inertial versus weight training in older persons

Onambélé, Gladys L.; Maganaris, Constantinos N.; Mian, Omar S.; Tam, Enrico; Rejc, Enrico; McEwan, Islay M.; Narici, Marco V.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.004

Cited by 85 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In an elderly population, 14 weeks of high load resistance training (at 80 % 5RM) has been shown to increase the stiffness of the patella tendon by 65 % (Reeves et al 2003a). Similar findings have been reported by others including descriptions on how training modality and/or gender impact on the tendon responses (Onambele et al 2008;Onambele-Pearson and Pearson 2012). In contrast, it has been observed that lower intensity exercise in the form of a 6-month progressive walking programme does not influence tendon properties in older adults (Kubo et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals

Grosset

Breen

Stewart

et al. 2014

AGE

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This study compared the effects of low vs. high intensity training on tendon properties in an elderly population. Participants were pair-matched (gender, habitual physical activity, anthropometrics, and baseline knee extension strength) and then randomly assigned to low (LowR, i.e.,~40 % 1RM) or high (High R, i.e.,~80 % 1RM) intensity resistance training programmes for 12 weeks, 3× per week (LowR, n=9, age 74±5 years; HighR, n=8, age 68 ±6 years). Patellar tendon properties (stiffness [K], Young's modulus [YM], cross-sectional area [T CSA ], and tendon length [T L ]) were measured pre and post training using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B-mode ultrasonography, dynamometry, electromyography and ramped isometric knee extensions. With training K showed no significant change in the LowR group while it incremented by 57.7 % in the HighR group (p<0.05). The 51.1 % group difference was significant (p<0.05). These differences were still apparent when the data was normalized for T CSA and T L , i.e., significant increase in YM post-intervention in HighR (p<0.05), but no change in LowR. These findings suggest that when prescribing exercise for a mixed genders elderly population, exercise intensities of ≤40 % 1RM may not be sufficient to affect tendon properties.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals

Grosset

Breen

Stewart

et al. 2014

AGE

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“…Although some studies suggest otherwise (Lastayo et al, 2003: Onambele et al, 2008, it is currently unclear whether this high specificity compromises the transferability of strength gains to more functional movements (Barry and Carson, 2004). Hence, although our results suggest that the preservation of eccentric strength could be used to initiate eccentric training interventions in older adults with low levels of strength, resistance training interventions should incorporate different types of muscle contractions to increase transferability to more complex functional tasks.…”

Section: Implications For Training and Rehabilitation Of The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…This effectiveness appears to be related to both the higher loads and the powerful myogenic stimulus of stretch during eccentric contractions (Golspink et al, 1995). Evidence from studies during the last decade suggest that high-intensity resistance training incorporating eccentric contractions can offer some advantages over more traditional training strategies to increase muscle strength and mass in older adults (Hortobagyi and De Vita., 2000;LaStayo et al, 2003a;Onambele et al, 2008;Reeves et al, 2009). The high metabolic efficiency (LaStayo et al, 2000) and faster adaptations observed with eccentric training (Hortobagyi et al, 1996) make it especially appealing in clinical situations after periods of immobilization or in the most debilitated old individuals (Hortobagyi and De Vita, 2000).…”

Section: Implications For Training and Rehabilitation Of The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of eccentric strength in older adults: Evidence, mechanisms and implications for training and rehabilitation

Roig

MacIntyre

Eng

et al. 2010

Experimental Gerontology

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Overall reductions in muscle strength typically accompany the aging process. However, older adults show a relatively preserved capacity of producing eccentric strength. The preservation of eccentric strength in older adults is a well-established phenomenon, occurring indiscriminately across different muscle groups, independent of age-related architectural changes in muscle structure and velocity of movement.The mechanisms for the preservation of eccentric strength appear to be mechanical and cellular in origin and include both passive and active elements regulating muscle stiffness. The age-related accumulation of non-contractile material in the muscle-tendon unit increases passive stiffness, which might offer mechanical advantage during eccentric contractions. In addition, the preserved muscle tension and increased instantaneous stiffness of old muscle fibers during stretch increase active stiffness, which might enhance eccentric strength.The fact that the preservation of eccentric strength is present in people with chronic conditions when compared to age-matched healthy controls indicates that the aging process per se does not exclusively mediate the preservation of eccentric strength. Physical inactivity, which is common in elderly and people with chronic conditions, is a potential factor regulating the preservation of eccentric strength.When compared to concentric strength, the magnitude of the preservation of eccentric strength in older adults ranges from 2% to 48% with a mean value from all studies of 21.6%. This functional reserve of eccentric strength might be clinically relevant, especially to initiate resistance training and rehabilitation programs in individuals with low levels of strength.

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“…Only two studies mentioned allocation concealment [20,27] and intention to treat analyses [20,29]. Blinding of patients and supervisors was not possible.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias/methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is power training or conventional resistance training better for function in elderly persons? A meta-analysis

Tschopp¹,

2011

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Objective: to determine the effects of power training with high movement velocity compared with conventional resistance training with low movement velocity for older community-dwelling people. Design: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Scholar-Google. Trials: all randomised or quasi-randomised trials investigating power training with high movement velocity versus conventional resistance training with low movement velocity in elderly persons over the age of 60 years. The primary outcomes were measures of functional outcomes; secondary outcomes were balance, gait, strength, power, muscle volume and adverse effects. Results: eleven trials were identified involving 377 subjects. The pooled effect size for the follow-up values of the functional outcomes was 0.32 in favour of the power training (95% CI 0.06 to 0.57) and 0.38 (95% CI −0.51 to 1.28) for the change value. The pooled effect from three studies for self-reported function was 0.16 in favour of power training (95% CI −0.17 to 0.49). Conclusion: power training is feasible for elderly persons and has a small advantage over strength training for functional outcomes. No firm conclusion can be made for safety.

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Neuromuscular and balance responses to flywheel inertial versus weight training in older persons

Cited by 85 publications

References 50 publications

Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals

Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals

Preservation of eccentric strength in older adults: Evidence, mechanisms and implications for training and rehabilitation

Is power training or conventional resistance training better for function in elderly persons? A meta-analysis

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