Neuromorphic Systems Design by Matching Inductive Biases to Hardware Constraints

Abstract

Neuromorphic systems are designed with careful consideration of the physical properties of the computational substrate they use. Neuromorphic engineers often exploit physical phenomena to directly implement a desired functionality, enabled by "the isomorphism between physical processes in different media" (Douglas et al., 1995). This bottom-up design methodology could be described as matching computational primitives to physical phenomena. In this paper, we propose a top-down counterpart to the bottom-up approach to neuromorphic design. Our top-down approach, termed "bias matching," is to match the inductive biases required in a learning system to the hardware constraints of its implementation; a well-known example is enforcing translation equivariance in a neural network by tying weights (replacing vector-matrix multiplications with convolutions), which reduces memory requirements. We give numerous examples from the literature and explain how they can be understood from this perspective. Furthermore, we propose novel network designs based on this approach in the context of collaborative filtering. Our simulation results underline our central conclusions: additional hardware constraints can improve the predictions of a Machine Learning system, and understanding the inductive biases that underlie these performance gains can be useful in finding applications for a given constraint.