“…Neural oscillations, as a proxy of rhythmic collective properties of neurons (Hauk, Giraud and Clarke, 2017;Meyer, Sun and Martin, 2019;Bree et al, 2021), are directly involved in various aspects of speech processing (Zoefel, Archer-Boyd and Davis, 2018;Marchesotti et al, 2020), including speech chunking at different granularity levels depending on their frequency (phrases, words, syllables, phonemic features) and information encoding depending on their cross-frequency interactions (Giraud and Poeppel, 2012;Hyafil et al, 2015;Bonhage et al, 2017;Ghitza, 2020;Proix et al, 2022). Theta (4-7Hz) and low-gamma (25-35Hz) oscillations are related to bottom-up processes, notably the hierarchical encoding of phonemic information within syllables (Hyafil et al, 2015;Mai, Minett and Wang, 2016;Lizarazu, Lallier and Molinaro, 2019). Delta (1-4Hz) and low-beta (14-21Hz) oscillations, which are also frequently observed in relation with speech processing, have a more endogenous origin.…”