Neuromicrobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases:

Abstract

The World's population is steadily increasing life expectancy, along with several genetic andepigenetic factors predispose to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalenceof which is predicted to rise in forthcoming years. Recent studies, experimentations,and findings paved the path toward the connecting links between the gut microbiome andneurodegenerative diseases (like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ASD). The interaction betweenthe gut microbiota and the central nervous system significantly affects neuronal health.Through the functioning of the gut-brain axis, the gut microbiota plays a significant role inmany crucial processes in health and disease, perhaps contributing to disorders like autismspectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorder.Additionally, complex host behaviors, brain development, and nociception may all be influencedby gut microorganisms. It appears that several gut-brain-microbiota-related neurochemicalshave a role in the molecular and physiological underpinnings of neurodevelopmentand neurodegeneration. Researchers have provided evidence for these relationships, but severaltopics remain unresolved as a result of the constraints of the research methods at hand.Recently, new technologies have been developed to understand how gut bacteria contribute toneurodegeneration.(a) Identifying specific microbial pathological signaling pathways.(b) Describing new, sophisticated engineered tools to study.(c) The interactions between human cells and gut bacteria.This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the study of themicrobiota-gut-brain axis in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.