Neuromedins NMU and NMS: An Updated Overview of Their Functions

Malendowicz, Ludwik K.; Ruciński, Marcin

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.713961

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In addition, our results also showed that the levels of NMU expression were different in sheep intestinal segments. Studies have demonstrated that NMU secreted by enteric nerves has multiple functions [ 53 – 55 ]. However, their microenvironments and functions are different in different segments, such as the colonization flora, the composition of the mucosal epithelium, and local immunity [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated that NMU secreted by enteric nerves has multiple functions [ 53 – 55 ]. However, their microenvironments and functions are different in different segments, such as the colonization flora, the composition of the mucosal epithelium, and local immunity [ 55 ]. Therefore, in healthy sheep intestine, the differences of NMU expression levels in each segment is a display for their physiological differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moniezia benedeni infection enhances neuromedin U (NMU) expression in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine

et al. 2022

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Background Neuromedin U (NMU) plays an important role in activating the group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and initiating the host’s anti-parasitic immune responses. It is aimed to explore the distribution characteristics of NMU in the sheep small intestine and the influence of Moniezia benedeni infection on them. In the present study, the pET-28a-NMU recombinant plasmids were constructed, and Escherichia coli. BL21 (DE3) were induced to express the recombinant protein. And then, the rabbit anti-sheep NMU polyclonal antibody was prepared and immunofluorescence staining was performed with it. The expression levels of NMU in the intestine of normal and Moniezia benedeni-infected sheep were detected by ELISA. Results The results showed that the molecular weight of the obtained NMU recombinant protein was consistent with the expected molecular (13 kDa) and it was expressed in the form of inclusion body. The titer and specificity of obtained rabbit anti-sheep NMU polyclonal antibody were good. The results of immunofluorescence analysis showed that the nerve fibers which specifically expressed NMU mainly extended from the ganglion in the submucosal to lamina propria (LP) in the sheep small intestine, and the expression level was relatively high; especially on the nerve fibers of LP around the intestinal glands. The expression levels were gradually increased from the duodenum to the ileum, and the levels in the jejunum and ileum were significantly higher than that in the duodenum (P < 0.05). In addition, scattered NMU positive cells were distributed in the epithelium of the jejunal crypts. Moniezia benedeni infection increased the expression of NMU in each intestinal segment, especially in the jejunum and ileum there were significant increase (P < 0.05). Conclusions It was suggested that Moniezia benedeni infection could be detected by the high expression of NMU in sheep enteric nervous, and which laid the foundation for further studies on whether NMU exerts anti-parasitic immunity by activating ILC2s. In addition, NMU was expressed in some intestinal gland epitheliums, which also provided a basis for studying its roles in regulation of the immune homeostasis. The present study laid the foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of sheep’s neural-immune interaction network perceiving the colacobiosis of parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moniezia benedeni infection enhances neuromedin U (NMU) expression in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine

et al. 2022

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“…Neuromedin U is found in multiple parts of the body (including the testis, ovary, thyroid, spleen, placenta, and adipose tissue) and cell types (endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and lymphocytes), but is especially concentrated in the pituitary gland and gastrointestinal tract (3,4) (Figure 1). In-depth research into the molecular mechanisms has revealed many important roles of NMU, including regulating feeding behavior, balancing energy metabolism, controlling circadian rhythms, regulating immunity, maintaining bone formation, and combating tumors and anxiety (2,(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Research Status of Neuromedin U: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 1987 to 2021

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Neuromedin U (NMU) is a regulatory peptide that is widely distributed throughout the body and performs a variety of physiological functions through its corresponding receptors. In recent years, NMU has become the focus of attention in various fields of research as its diverse and essential functions have gradually been elucidated. However, there have been no bibliometrics studies on the development trend and knowledge structure of NMU research. Therefore, in this study, we used VOSviewer software to statistically analyze scientific data from articles related to NMU to track the developmental footprint of this research field, including relevant countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. We retrieved a total of 338 papers related to NMU, written by 1,661 authors from 438 organizations of 41 countries that were published in 332 journals. The first study on NMU was reported by a group in Japan in 1985. Subsequently, nine articles on NMU were published from 1987 to 2006. A small leap in this field could be detected in 2009, with 30 articles published worldwide. Among the various countries in which this research has been performed, Japan and the United States have made the most outstanding contributions. Miyazato M, Kangawa K, and Mori K from the Department of Biochemistry, National Retrain and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute in Japan were the most productive authors who have the highest number of citations. Keyword analysis showed six clusters: central-nervous-system, homeostasis, energy metabolism, cancer, immune inflammation, and food intake. The three most highly cited articles were associated with inflammation. Overall, this study demonstrates the research trends and future directions of NMU, providing an objective description of the contributions in this field along with reference value for future research.

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“…NMU has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes, such as inflammation, stress, nociception, energy homeostasis, reproduction, bone remodeling, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. 2 Two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for NMU (NMUR1 and NMUR2) have been identified and correspond to the orphan receptors FM3 and FM4, respectively. 3 NMUR1 has the highest expression in peripheral tissues particularly the GI tract, pancreas, uterus, and testes but has also been reported in peripheral nerve terminals.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unanticipated Characteristics of a Selective, Potent Neuromedin-U Receptor 2 Agonist

Mehrotra

Lam

Glenn

et al. 2022

ACS Bio Med Chem Au

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Neuromedin-U (NMU) mediates several physiological functions via its two cognate receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2. Disentangling the individual roles of each receptor has largely been undertaken through the use of transgenic mice bearing a deletion in one of the two receptors or by testing native molecules (NMU or its truncated version NMU-8) in a tissuespecific manner, in effect, taking advantage of the distinct receptor expression profiles. These strategies have proved quite useful despite the inherent limitations of overlapping receptor roles and potential compensatory influences of germline gene deletion. With these considerations in mind, the availability of potent, selective NMU compounds with appropriate pharmacokinetic profiles would advance the capabilities of investigators undertaking such efforts. Here, we evaluate a recently reported NMUR2-selective peptide (compound 17) for its in vitro potency (mouse and human), binding affinity, murine pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo effects. Despite being designed as an NMUR2 agonist, our results show compound 17 unexpectedly binds but does not have functional activity on NMUR1, thereby acting as an R1 antagonist while simultaneously being a potent NMUR2 agonist. Furthermore, evaluation of compound 17 across all known and orphan G-protein-coupled receptors demonstrates multiple receptor partners beyond NMUR2/R1 binding. These properties need to be appreciated for accurate interpretation of results generated using this molecule and may limit the broader ability of this particular entity in disentangling the physiological role of NMU receptor biology.

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Neuromedins NMU and NMS: An Updated Overview of Their Functions

Cited by 30 publications

References 125 publications

Moniezia benedeni infection enhances neuromedin U (NMU) expression in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine

Moniezia benedeni infection enhances neuromedin U (NMU) expression in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine

Insights Into the Research Status of Neuromedin U: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 1987 to 2021

Unanticipated Characteristics of a Selective, Potent Neuromedin-U Receptor 2 Agonist

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