Neuromarkers from Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Reveal the Cognitive Recovery Scheme for Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy after Liver Transplantation

Cheng, Ying-Sheng; Shen, Wen; Xu, Junhai; Amey, Rachel; Huang, Libing; Zhang, Xiaodong; Li, Jingyuan; Akhavan, Cameron; Duffy, Ben A.; Simon, Julia Pia; Jiang, Wenjuan; Liu, Mengting; Kim, Ho‐Sung

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0114-21.2021

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Other studies identified factors associated with cognitive function after LT but did not specifically provide data on how these factors modify the risk of cognitive impairment after LT. These factors included MHE, 5 OHE, 3 , 9 , 28 – 30 , 38 – 40 alcohol-associated cirrhosis, 26 , 40 immunosuppression, 9 , 40 diabetes, 40 and MELD score. 3 A novel factor associated with post-LT cognitive function that was elucidated from the included studies was that of gut dysbiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 24 included studies, 23 (96%) were prospective cohort studies with duration of follow-up ranging from 1 mo to 1.8 y after LT. 1,2,5,[7][8][9][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The median number of patients in the included studies was 30 (interquartile range: 21.5-50.5). Ten (42%) studies were conducted in Europe, 2,9,26,[33][34][35][36][40][41][42] 9 (38%) in Asia, 8,[27][28][29][30][31][32]38,39 and 5 (21%) in the United States. 1,3,5,7,37 Twenty-three studies (96%) reported the mean or median age, which was between 31 and 65 y.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,5,7,37 Twenty-three studies (96%) reported the mean or median age, which was between 31 and 65 y. 3,5,[7][8][9][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Seventeen studies (71%) reported data on the etiology of liver cirrhosis [1][2][3]5,[7][8][9]26,29,30,[33][34][35][36][37]40,41 while 8 (33%) reported the mean or median MELD score (Table 1). [1][2][3]5,7,9,37,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NOS tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the 18 prospective cohort studies. One study was assessed as low quality, 36 16 as moderate quality, 5,7,8,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]38,39,41,42 and 6 as high quality. 1,2,9,26,37,40 The AXIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the 1 cross-sectional study, which met all 20 criteria for quality (Table 2).…”

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients With a History of Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review

Siddiqui

Baskaran

Lin

et al. 2023

Transplantation Direct

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Background. Cognitive impairment is common among patients with cirrhosis and may persist post-transplantation. This systematic review seeks to (1) describe the prevalence of cognitive impairment in liver transplant (LT) recipients with a history of cirrhosis, (2) describe risk factors for this population, and (3) describe associations between post-transplant cognitive impairment and quality outcome measures. Methods. Studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials were included through May 2022. Inclusion criteria included (1) population – LT recipient, age ≥18 y, (2) exposure – history of cirrhosis before transplant, and (3) outcome – cognitive impairment after transplant (per validated cognitive testing). Exclusion criteria included (1) wrong study type, (2) abstract-only publication, (3) full-text unavailable, (4) wrong population, (5) wrong exposure, and (6) wrong outcome. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system was used to assess evidence certainty. Data from individual tests were categorized into six cognitive domains: attention, executive function, working memory, long-term memory, visuospatial, and language. Results. Twenty-four studies were included covering 847 patients. Follow-up ranged from 1 mo to 1.8 y after LT. Studies had a median of 30 (interquartile range 21.5–50.5) patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment after LT ranged from 0% to 36%. Forty-three unique cognitive tests were used, the most common being the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score. The most frequently assessed cognitive domains were attention (10 studies) and executive function (10 studies). Conclusions. The prevalence of cognitive impairment after LT varied across studies depending on cognitive tests utilized and follow-up duration. Attention and executive function were most impacted. Generalizability is limited due to small sample size and heterogeneous methodology. Further studies are needed to examine differences in the prevalence of post-LT cognitive impairment by etiology, risk factors, and ideal cognitive measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cognitive Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients With a History of Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review

Siddiqui

Baskaran

Lin

et al. 2023

Transplantation Direct

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“…Instead, CPM discovers meaningful patterns by using simple linear regression models. Because of this approach, it is especially helpful for psychologists, neuroscientists, and clinicians ( Cheng et al, 2021 ) who may have limited background knowledge of more complicated quantitative approaches such as multi-variant pattern analysis (MVPA) and machine learning techniques.…”

Section: Connectome-based Predictive Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Studies Using Large-Scale Brain Networks – Methods and Validations

Liu

Amey

Backer

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Mapping human behaviors to brain activity has become a key focus in modern cognitive neuroscience. As methods such as functional MRI (fMRI) advance cognitive scientists show an increasing interest in investigating neural activity in terms of functional connectivity and brain networks, rather than activation in a single brain region. Due to the noisy nature of neural activity, determining how behaviors are associated with specific neural signals is not well-established. Previous research has suggested graph theory techniques as a solution. Graph theory provides an opportunity to interpret human behaviors in terms of the topological organization of brain network architecture. Graph theory-based approaches, however, only scratch the surface of what neural connections relate to human behavior. Recently, the development of data-driven methods, e.g., machine learning and deep learning approaches, provide a new perspective to study the relationship between brain networks and human behaviors across the whole brain, expanding upon past literatures. In this review, we sought to revisit these data-driven approaches to facilitate our understanding of neural mechanisms and build models of human behaviors. We start with the popular graph theory approach and then discuss other data-driven approaches such as connectome-based predictive modeling, multivariate pattern analysis, network dynamic modeling, and deep learning techniques that quantify meaningful networks and connectivity related to cognition and behaviors. Importantly, for each topic, we discuss the pros and cons of the methods in addition to providing examples using our own data for each technique to describe how these methods can be applied to real-world neuroimaging data.

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Preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation

Akhtar

2021

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

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Purpose of reviewAs the population of the world is aging the number of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is also increasing. They pose a unique challenge for the caregivers, as they have age-related physiological changes, multiple comorbidities and cirrhosis-related pathologies. Recent findingsTwenty-two percent of patients who undergo LT are older than 65 years. Many patients suffer from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis-C virus. Incidence of NASH tends to increase with age, obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Elderly patients require comprehensive cognitive, cardiac and pulmonary evaluation prior to LT. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension and frailty are of specific concern.

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Neuromarkers from Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Reveal the Cognitive Recovery Scheme for Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy after Liver Transplantation

Abstract: Neuromarkers from whole-brain functional connectivity reveal the cognitive recovery scheme for overt hepatic encephalopathy after liver transplantation

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Cognitive Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients With a History of Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review

Cognitive Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients With a History of Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Studies Using Large-Scale Brain Networks – Methods and Validations

Preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation

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