Neuromagnetic Correlates of Streaming in Human Auditory Cortex

Gutschalk, Alexander; Micheyl, Christophe; Melcher, Jennifer R.; Rupp, André; Scherg, Michael; Oxenham, Andrew J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0347-05.2005

Cited by 188 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A second advantage of the triplet pattern is that the difference in perceived interstimulus interval (ISI) between cases where the sequence is heard as one stream and cases where it is heard as two streams is much larger for the A tones than for the B tones. In a previous MEG study (Gutschalk et al, 2005), this difference in perceived ISI allowed us to establish that the amplitudes of the P 1 m and N 1 m components evoked by the A and B tones increase with the ISI within each stream (i.e., the perceived ISI). The ABBB pattern used in the present study offers both advantages of the triplet pattern, because the only difference is that the silent gap between triplets has been filled with another B tone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Instead, the changes are likely attributable to the ⌬f 0 -related differences in the temporal properties of the A and B tones. This dependence on temporal rather than spectral differences between A and B represents a crucial difference compared with previous imaging studies of streaming, all of which have used repeating sequences of pure tones (Gutschalk et al, 2005;Snyder et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2007) or complex tones with gross spectral differences (Deike et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The neural underpinnings of auditory stream segregation have been investigated with intracortical recordings in animals (Fishman et al, 2001(Fishman et al, , 2004Kanwal et al, 2003;Klump, 2004, 2005;Micheyl et al, 2005), and noninvasively in humans, using electroencephalography (EEG) (Sussman et al, 1999, Sussman, 2005Snyder et al, 2006), magnetoencephalography (MEG) (Gutschalk et al, 2005), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Deike et al, 2004;Cusack, 2005;Wilson et al, 2007). All of these studies have used pairs of sounds that differed in frequency content, and were presented alternately, or in other repeating temporal patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Cortical Activity during Streaming without Spectral Cues Suggests a General Neural Substrate for Auditory Stream Segregation

et al. 2007

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The brain continuously disentangles competing sounds, such as two people speaking, and assigns them to distinct streams. Neural mechanisms have been proposed for streaming based on gross spectral differences between sounds, but not for streaming based on other nonspectral features. Here, human listeners were presented with sequences of harmonic complex tones that had identical spectral envelopes, and unresolved spectral fine structure, but one of two fundamental frequencies ( f 0 ) and pitches. As the f 0 difference between tones increased, listeners perceived the tones as being segregated into two streams (one stream for each f 0 ) and cortical activity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography increased. This trend was seen in primary cortex of Heschl's gyrus and in surrounding nonprimary areas. The results strongly resemble those for pure tones. Both the present and pure tone results may reflect neuronal forward suppression that diminishes as one or more features of successive sounds become increasingly different. We hypothesize that feature-specific forward suppression subserves streaming based on diverse perceptual cues and results in explicit neural representations for auditory streams within auditory cortex.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Cortical Activity during Streaming without Spectral Cues Suggests a General Neural Substrate for Auditory Stream Segregation

et al. 2007

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“…Very few studies of the auditory system have looked at neuronal responses in relation to scene segmentation, and they have been mainly in the auditory cortex (e.g. Fishman et al 2001Fishman et al , 2012Fishman and Steinschneider 2010;Gutschalk et al 2005;Nelken and Bar-Yosef 2008). Modulations clearly are a major signal for segregating or integrating sounds.…”

Section: Bohlen Et Al: Detection Of Modulated Tones In Modulated Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Modulated Tones in Modulated Noise by Non-human Primates

Bohlen

Dylla

Timms

et al. 2014

JARO

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In natural environments, many sounds are amplitudemodulated. Amplitude modulation is thought to be a signal that aids auditory object formation. A previous study of the detection of signals in noise found that when tones or noise were amplitude-modulated, the noise was a less effective masker, and detection thresholds for tones in noise were lowered. These results suggest that the detection of modulated signals in modulated noise would be enhanced. This paper describes the results of experiments investigating how detection is modified when both signal and noise were amplitude-modulated. Two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to detect amplitude-modulated tones in continuous, amplitude-modulated broadband noise. When the phase difference of otherwise similarly amplitude-modulated tones and noise were varied, detection thresholds were highest when the modulations were in phase and lowest when the modulations were anti-phase. When the depth of the modulation of tones or noise was varied, detection thresholds decreased if the modulations were antiphase. When the modulations were in phase, increasing the depth of tone modulation caused an increase in tone detection thresholds, but increasing depth of noise modulations did not affect tone detection thresholds. Changing the modulation frequency of tone or noise caused changes in threshold that saturated at modulation frequencies higher than 20 Hz; thresholds decreased when the tone and noise modulations were in phase and decreased when they were anti-phase. The relationship between reaction times and tone level were not modified by manipulations to the nature of temporal variations in the signal or noise. The changes in behavioral threshold were consistent with a model where the brain subtracted noise from signal. These results suggest that the parameters of the modulation of signals and maskers heavily influence detection in very predictable ways. These results are consistent with some results in humans and avians and form the baseline for neurophysiological studies of mechanisms of detection in noise.

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“…In the auditory domain, however, the creation of stimuli and designs that permit comparing differential perceptual states while keeping the physical input constant seems a bigger challenge. In previous studies, temporal phenomena, such as auditory streaming (Cusack, 2005;Gutschalk et al, 2005) or illusory continuity (Riecke et al, 2009) have been investigated similarly in human subjects. However, to date, no attempt has been made to employ ecologically valid, ambiguous auditory stimuli to investigate the neural basis of differential perceptual interpretations of an auditory stimulus's identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Cortex Encodes the Perceptual Interpretation of Ambiguous Sound

Kilian-Hütten¹,

Valente²,

Vroomen³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

114

128

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The confounding of physical stimulus characteristics and perceptual interpretations of stimuli poses a problem for most neuroscientific studies of perception. In the auditory domain, this pertains to the entanglement of acoustics and percept. Traditionally, most study designs have relied on cognitive subtraction logic, which demands the use of one or more comparisons between stimulus types. This does not allow for a differentiation between effects due to acoustic differences (i.e., sensation) and those due to conscious perception. To overcome this problem, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans and pattern-recognition analysis to identify activation patterns that encode the perceptual interpretation of physically identical, ambiguous sounds. We show that it is possible to retrieve the perceptual interpretation of ambiguous phonemes-information that is fully subjective to the listener-from fMRI measurements of brain activity in auditory areas in the superior temporal cortex, most prominently on the posterior bank of the left Heschl's gyrus and sulcus and in the adjoining left planum temporale. These findings suggest that, beyond the basic acoustic analysis of sounds, constructive perceptual processes take place in these relatively early cortical auditory networks. This disagrees with hierarchical models of auditory processing, which generally conceive of these areas as sets of feature detectors, whose task is restricted to the analysis of physical characteristics and the structure of sounds.

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Neuromagnetic Correlates of Streaming in Human Auditory Cortex

Cited by 188 publications

References 53 publications

Human Cortical Activity during Streaming without Spectral Cues Suggests a General Neural Substrate for Auditory Stream Segregation

Human Cortical Activity during Streaming without Spectral Cues Suggests a General Neural Substrate for Auditory Stream Segregation

Detection of Modulated Tones in Modulated Noise by Non-human Primates

Auditory Cortex Encodes the Perceptual Interpretation of Ambiguous Sound

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