Neurology

Abstract

This chapter explores neurology, including lesion location, drugs and the nervous system, cerebral blood supply, testing peripheral nerves, dermatomes and peripheral nerves, headache, migraine, blackouts, vertigo and dizziness, hearing loss and tinnitus, acute bilateral leg weakness, abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia), stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), intracranial venous thrombosis (IVT), subdural haematoma, extradural (epidural) haematoma, delirium (acute confusional state), dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis (MS), space-occupying lesions (SOL), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Bell’s palsy, mononeuropathies, polyneuropathies, autonomic neuropathy, motor neuron disease (MND), bulbar palsy, cervical spondylosis, myopathy, myasthenia gravis (MG), Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), neurofibromatosis, syingomyelia, and retroviruses and neurology.

Altered Corticomuscular Coherence (CMCoh) Pattern in the Upper Limb During Finger Movements After Stroke

“…Previous fMRI studies on both animals and humans suggested that increased neural compensation at the cortical level could be interhemispheric for behavioral restorations after stroke (63)(64)(65). Carey and Wilkins also detected a shift of corticomotor activations from the ipsilesional to the contralesional in chronic stroke patients (53,54). The mechanism for the cortical center shift after stroke as suggested by Christian et al (50) and Chechik et al (51) was related to the neural plastic strategies by recruiting resources from contralesional (i.e., interhemispheric) and additional intrahemispheric areas.…”

“…At the same time, normal axons in the proximity of the injured region grow and extend to the target neurons (52). Previous studies involving fMRI have predominantly reported a shift in corticomotor activations from the ipsilesional side to the contralesional side in chronic stroke patients (53,54). However, there is a lack of evidence relating to the impact that ipsilateral/contralesional corticospinal connections have on the distal muscle control during hand movements after stroke (55)(56)(57).…”

Transplant surgery as a treatment for organ failure due to sarcoidosis – case study

“…Sarcoidosis is a rare condition involving the formation of non-caseating granulomas, often affecting multiple sites 1 . Sarcoidosis most commonly affects adults aged 20 to 40, and has the highest prevalence in Northern Europe.…”