Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia

Rossi, Alessandro; Cataldo, Stefano de; Michele, Vittorio Di; Manna, Vincenzo; Ceccoli, S.; Stratta, Paolo; Casacchia, M

doi:10.1192/bjp.157.5.735

Cited by 158 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the clinical and etiological significance of ND is unclear. Interestingly, in this context, there is a significant association between increased ND in schizophrenics and their global severity of illness (Ismail et al, 1998); This condition was also found in the mentally healthy first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenics (Ismail et al, 1998;Kinney et al, 1986;Rossi et al, 1990;Cantor-Graae et al, 1994;Egan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Tan¹

2007

Neuroquantology

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In this study I have outlined the grounds of a new theory, to explain the mind-brain-body triad in health and disease. This is the psychomotor theory. First, I have briefly analyzed the historical development of the relationship between mind and brain, which is being discussed since more than a few thousand years. The tight junctions between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a detailed analysis using examples in health and disease. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortical and spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit is essential in health and disease, since mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical and spinal motor neurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system is strongly coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality, instead, advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Tan¹

2007

Neuroquantology

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“…Interestingly, there is a significant association between increased ND in schizophrenics and their global severity of illness (Ismail et al, 1998); this condition was also found in the mentally healthy first degree biological relatives of schizophrenics (Ismail et al, 1998;Kinney et al, 1986;Rossi et al, 1990;Cantor-Graae et al, 1994;Egan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Tan

2007

International Journal of Neuroscience

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This study presents a new theory to explain the neural origins of human mind. This is the psychomotor theory. The author briefly analyzed the historical development of the mind-brain theories. The close relations between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a rather detailed analysis, using psychiatric and neurological examples. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortico-spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit may be essential in health and disease, because mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical, and spinal motoneurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system expressed by the human language may be closely coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality and instead advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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“…The reliable assessment of neurological soft signs provides a useful index of neurodevelopmental disruption. A number of batteries are used to assess neurological impairment in schizophrenia including the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES; Buchanan & Heinrichs, 1989), the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (Chen et al, 1995), the Woods Scale (Woods, Kinney, & Yurgelun-Todd, 1986), the Heidelberger Scale (Schroder et al, 1991), the Condensed Neurological Examination (Rossi et al, 1990), and the Modified Quantified Neurological Scale (Convit, Jaegar, Lin, Meisner, & Volvaka, 1988). The NES is the most widely used structured examination to assess neurological impairment in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Neurological Soft Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs in Psychometrically Identified Schizotypy

Kaczorowski

Barrantes‐Vidal

Kwapil

2010

Schizophrenia Research

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Patients with schizophrenia often exhibit structural brain abnormalities, as well as neurological soft signs, consistent with its conceptualization as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Neurological soft signs are mild, presumably nonlocalizing, neurological impairments that are inferred from performance deficits in domains such as sensory integration, motor coordination, and motor sequencing. The vulnerability for schizophrenia is presumed to be expressed across a broad continuum of impairment referred to as schizotypy. It is hypothesized that nondisordered people along the schizotypy continuum should exhibit elevated rates of neurological soft signs. The present study examined the relation of psychometrically identified positive and negative schizotypy with neurological soft signs using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) in a nonclinically ascertained sample of young adults (n = 177). As hypothesized, negative, but not positive, schizotypy was related to increased neurological soft signs in tasks that assessed fine and gross motor coordination, motor sequencing, eye movement abnormalities, and memory recall. However, positive schizotypy was associated with increased neurological soft signs in tasks related to sensory integration dysfunction. In general, the positive x negative schizotypy interaction term was unrelated to individual neurological soft sign tasks. The findings support: a) the theory that the vulnerability for schizophrenia is expressed across a broad continuum of subclinical and clinical impairment referred to as schizotypy; b) the multidimensional structure of schizotypy; and c) the notion that schizotypy is an appropriate construct for understanding the etiology and development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS IN PSYCHOMETRICALLY IDENTIFIEDSCHIZOTYPY by

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Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia

Cited by 158 publications

References 19 publications

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Neurological Soft Signs in Psychometrically Identified Schizotypy

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