Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia

Schröder, Johannes; Niethammer, Rainer; Geider, Franz J.; Reitz, Christoph; Binkert, M.; Jauß, M.; Sauer, Heinrich

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(91)90017-l

Cited by 304 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the Hong Kong cohort, baseline EPS appeared to decline over the first 6 months of typical antipsychotic treatment. In other studies, similar observations were reported for neurological soft signs [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

et al. 2011

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Extrapyramidal movement disorders are common in chronic schizophrenia, and may be an intrinsic feature of the illness as well as related to antipsychotic drug treatment. Similar dysfunctions at illness onset may have implications for outcome, and for understanding the mechanisms of illness. The objectives were to examine the clinical correlates of pre-treatment movement disorders at first episode of psychosis, and determine associations with neuropsychological function and striatal structure. Never medicated subjects were recruited from consecutive admissions to Early Psychosis Programs with defined catchment areas in Hong Kong, China, and Halifax, Canada. Standardized clinical, neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments were carried out at baseline and following acute and long term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs. At the Hong Kong site, we studied 84 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 10 with EPS). At the Halifax site, we studied 40 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 17 with EPS), and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Subjects with movement disorders prior to treatment (EPS+) had higher total PANSS scores at baseline (mean elevation 19.9% Hong Kong, P = 0.016; 14.7% Halifax, P = 0.049). In subjects treated with atypical antipsychotics (all Halifax), EPS+ status at baseline predicted more movement disorders at long term follow up (P = 0.0005). In both cohorts, EPS+ subjects had poorer acute symptomatic treatment response assessed with the PANSS (Hong Kong P = 0.005; Halifax P = 0.017). Neuropsychological impairment related to executive dysfunction appeared greater in a small sample of EPS+ subjects (Hong Kong, effect size 0.26-0.27, P < 0.05). Caudate volumes were 4.5% larger in EPS+ compared with EPS-subjects (Halifax P = 0.042), and correlations between striatal volumes and age were different in the EPS+ group. In conclusion, pre-treatment EPS is present in a substantial minority of subjects with first episode psychosis, appears to persist at long term follow up, and is associated with poorer response of symptoms to treatment. Selective impairment of executive function and striatal enlargement provides evidence of abnormalities of brain function and structure associated with this aspect of early psychosis. schizophrenia, movement disorder, basal ganglia, antipsychotics, cognitive, psychosis Citation:Honer W G, Lang D J, Kopala L C, et al. First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

et al. 2011

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“…This event was observed as early as in 1919 by Kraepelin. This is seen more often in schizophrenic patients than in other psychiatric patients or healthy controls, independent from neuroleptic medication (Schroeder et al, 1992;Gupta et al, 1995). Moreover, the neurological soft signs are related to disorders of motor coordination and negative symptoms in schizophrenia (Heinrichs & Buchanan, 1988;Manschreck et al, 1990).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Tan

2007

International Journal of Neuroscience

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This study presents a new theory to explain the neural origins of human mind. This is the psychomotor theory. The author briefly analyzed the historical development of the mind-brain theories. The close relations between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a rather detailed analysis, using psychiatric and neurological examples. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortico-spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit may be essential in health and disease, because mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical, and spinal motoneurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system expressed by the human language may be closely coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality and instead advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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“…This event was observed as early as in 1919 by Kraepelin in schizophrenics. This is seen more often in schizophrenic patients than in other psychiatric patients or healthy controls, independent from neuroleptic medication (Schroeder et al, 1992;Gupta et al, 1995). Moreover, the neurological soft signs are related to disorders of motor coordination and negative symptoms in schizophrenia (Heinrichs & Buchanan, 1988;Manschreck et al, 1990).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Tan¹

2007

Neuroquantology

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In this study I have outlined the grounds of a new theory, to explain the mind-brain-body triad in health and disease. This is the psychomotor theory. First, I have briefly analyzed the historical development of the relationship between mind and brain, which is being discussed since more than a few thousand years. The tight junctions between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a detailed analysis using examples in health and disease. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortical and spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit is essential in health and disease, since mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical and spinal motor neurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system is strongly coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality, instead, advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia

Cited by 304 publications

References 10 publications

First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

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