Neurological, Psychological, and Cognitive Manifestations of Long-COVID

Cascella, Marco; Blasio, E De

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86705-8_4

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…challenges accessing treatments, threat's to one's identity and uncertainty about the future). 15,16 Notably, although there was a slight increase in depressive symptoms in both groups towards the end of the follow-up, the confidence intervals widened across the follow-up period as numbers of people who had contracted SARS-CoV-2 early enough in the pandemic to be followed-up 22 months later decreased. So, this increase is likely a feature of the sample rather than a common pattern among both groups over time.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, increased social isolation because of long-COVID symptoms and anxiety related to persistent symptoms could mean that psychological symptoms in fact emerge and increase during and beyond the acute state of infection among patients with long COVID. 15,16 Second, does the level of psychological symptoms during the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection differ among people who will go on to have short COVID versus long COVID? A relationship between the severity of immune-inflammatory dysregulation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and depressive symptoms 3 months later has been reported, 17 as has a relationship between neuroimmune inflammation and long COVID.…”

Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups

Fancourt

Steptoe

2022

Br J Psychiatry

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Background There is a growing global awareness of the psychological consequences of long COVID, supported by emerging empirical evidence. However, the emergence and long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms following the infection are still unclear. Aims To examine when psychological symptoms first emerge following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms comparing long- and short-COVID groups. Method We analysed longitudinal data from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study (March 2020 to November 2021). We included data from adults living in England who reported contracting SARS-CoV-2 by November 2021 (n = 3115). Of these, 15.9% reported having had long COVID (n = 495). They were matched to participants who had short COVID using propensity score matching on a variety of demographic, socioeconomic and health covariates (n = 962 individuals with 13 325 observations) and data were further analysed using growth curve modelling. Results Depressive and anxiety symptoms increased immediately following the onset of infection in both long- and short-COVID groups. But the long-COVID group had substantially greater initial increases in depressive symptoms and heightened levels over 22 months follow-up. Initial increases in anxiety were not significantly different between groups, but only the short-COVID group experienced an improvement in anxiety over follow-up, leading to widening differences between groups. Conclusions The findings support work on the psychobiological pathways involved in the development of psychological symptoms relating to long COVID. The results highlight the need for monitoring of mental health and provision of adequate support to be interwoven with diagnosis and treatment of the physical consequences of long COVID.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups

Fancourt

Steptoe

2022

Br J Psychiatry

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“…It is impossible to imagine when the world will return to “business as usual”, but what will remain is the lesson that this pandemic has provided to humankind, mostly in terms of prevention and behaviors. Nowadays, two years on from the beginning of the pandemic, new studies are aimed at post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [ 7 ], “Long-COVID” [ 8 ], neurological complications [ 9 , 10 ], and so on. The structure, function, epidemiology and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have been widely described in adults [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 at a Glance: An Up-to-Date Overview on Variants, Drug Design and Therapies

Iacopetta

Ceramella

Catalano

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the Coronavirus family which caused the worldwide pandemic of human respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Presumably emerging at the end of 2019, it poses a severe threat to public health and safety, with a high incidence of transmission, predominately through aerosols and/or direct contact with infected surfaces. In 2020, the search for vaccines began, leading to the obtaining of, to date, about twenty COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in at least one country. However, COVID-19 continues to spread and new genetic mutations and variants have been discovered, requiring pharmacological treatments. The most common therapies for COVID-19 are represented by antiviral and antimalarial agents, antibiotics, immunomodulators, angiotensin II receptor blockers, bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids. In addition, nutraceuticals, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics are under study. Finally, drug repositioning, which concerns the investigation of existing drugs for new therapeutic target indications, has been widely proposed in the literature for COVID-19 therapies. Considering the importance of this ongoing global public health emergency, this review aims to offer a synthetic up-to-date overview regarding diagnoses, variants and vaccines for COVID-19, with particular attention paid to the adopted treatments.

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“…However, increased social isolation due to long Covid symptoms and anxiety related to persistent symptoms could mean that psychological symptoms in fact emerge and increase during and beyond the acute state of infection amongst long Covid patients. 19 20 31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term psychological consequences of long Covid: a propensity score matching analysis comparing trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting long Covid vs short Covid

Fancourt

Steptoe

2022

Preprint

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Background: There is a growing global awareness of the psychological consequences of long Covid, supported by emerging empirical evidence. However, the mergence and long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms following the infection are still unclear. Aims: To examine when psychological symptoms first emerge following the infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms comparing long and short Covid groups. Methods: We analysed longitudinal data from the UCL Covid-19 Social Study (March 2020-November 2021). We included data from adults living in England who reported contracting SARS-CoV-2 by November 2021 (N=3,115). Of these, 15.9% reported having had long Covid (N=495). They were matched to participants who had short Covid using propensity score matching on a variety of demographic, socioeconomic and health covariates (N=962, n=13,325) and data were further analysed using growth curve modelling. Results: Depressive and anxiety symptoms increased immediately following the onset of infection in both long and short Covid groups. But the long Covid group had substantially greater initial increases in depressive symptoms and heightened levels over 22 months follow-up. Initial increases in anxiety were not significantly different between groups, but only the short Covid group experienced an improvement in anxiety over follow-up, leading to widening differences between groups. Conclusions: The findings shed light on the psychobiological pathways involved in the development of psychological symptoms relating to long Covid. The results highlight the need for monitoring of mental health and provision of adequate support to be interwoven with diagnosis and treatment of the physical consequences of long Covid.

show abstract

Neurological, Psychological, and Cognitive Manifestations of Long-COVID

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups

Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups

COVID-19 at a Glance: An Up-to-Date Overview on Variants, Drug Design and Therapies

Long-term psychological consequences of long Covid: a propensity score matching analysis comparing trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting long Covid vs short Covid

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