“…This aging‐related deterioration of the brain has been attributed to a number of causes such as exposure to free radicals (Droge, ), the presence of apolipoprotein E genotype ε4 (Deary, Whiteman, Pattie et al ., ), dopaminergic changes (Backman, Nyberg, Lindenberger, Li & Farde, ) and physical and mental inactivity (Davenport, Hogan, Eskes, Longman & Poulin, ; Jak, ). The role of other factors associated with Alzheimer's disease in normal aging, such as cholinergic changes and the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Terry & Buccafusco, ; Wilson, ), are under debate. Regarding the influence of education, it has been suggested that education is associated with greater control over processing and conceptualization ability (Le Carret, Lafont, Mayo & Fabrigoule, ).…”