Neurological examination at 32-weeks postmenstrual age predicts 12-month cognitive outcomes in very preterm-born infants

Abstract

Background To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) at 30–32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA, ‘Early’) and term equivalent age (TEA) in infants born <31 weeks PMA to predict cognitive outcomes at 12 months corrected age (CA). Methods Prospective cohort study of 119 infants (73 males; median 28.4 weeks gestational age at birth) who underwent Early and TEA HNNE. At 12 months CA, 104 participants completed Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, (Bayley-III). Optimum cut-off points for each HNNE subscale were determined to establish diagnostic accuracy for predicting adverse cognitive outcomes on the Bayley-III Cognitive Composite Scale (≤85). Results The best diagnostic accuracy for HNNE total score at 30–32 weeks PMA predicting cognitive impairment occurred at cut-off ≤16.7 (sensitivity (Se) = 71%, specificity (Sp) = 51%). The Abnormal Signs subscale demonstrated the best balance of sensitivity/specificity combination (Se = 71%, Sp = 71%; cut-off ≤1.5). For HNNE at TEA, the total score at cut-off ≤24.5 had Se = 71% and Sp = 47% for predicting cognitive impairment. The Tone Patterns subscale demonstrated the strongest diagnostic accuracy at TEA (Se = 71%, Sp = 63%; cut-off ≤3). Conclusions Early and TEA HNNE demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for cognitive outcomes at 12-months CA in infants born <31 weeks gestational age. Clinical Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12613000280707; web address of trial: http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12613000280707.aspx. Impact Early Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) assessment at 30–32 weeks postmenstrual age has moderate diagnostic accuracy for cognitive outcomes at 12 months corrected age in infants born <31 weeks gestation. Early HNNE at 30–32 weeks has stronger predictive validity than HNNE at term equivalent age. Early HNNE may provide an early marker for risk-stratification to optimise the planning of post-discharge support and follow-up services for infants born preterm.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Neurodevelopmental Outcome Prediction in Neonates Born Extremely Premature—An Exploratory Study

“…The sample size was small, without the availability of outcome data beyond one year corrected-age and a control cohort of term born infants that underwent the same procedures. Nonetheless, although some studies report low validity of outcome assessments at 12 months corrected-age [ 43 ], there is evidence that the appraisals of future neurologic performance at one year provide comparable results to those obtained at more advanced developmental stages [ 44 ]. While 3 Tesla MR systems are coming to the fore, even in pediatric imaging settings, the presented data are based on a 1.5 Tesla machine.…”

General Movements trajectories and outcome at 12 months in very preterm infants: An analysis of tendencies and pathological persistence

“…However, it is noteworthy that MRI has a lower sensitivity (87%) compared to the GMA (98%). Further methods for early detection in preterm/term age are the aEEG (sensitivity 83%) 45 or the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE, sensitivity 71%) 46 . During fidgety age and afterwards the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) reveals a sensitivity of 90% at CA of 3 months 13 .…”

Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and risk for cognitive delays in infants born very premature

“…Social risk score was derived by adding these six nominal variables and mothers were categorized as having a high-risk socioeconomic status if their score was ≥ 6. The social risk score is a widely used tool that to assess the association between family social risk and neurodevelopmental outcomes [26][27][28] .…”