Neurological Evaluation of Toxic Axonopathies in Rats: Acrylamide and 2,5-Hexanedione

LoPachin, Richard M.; Ross, Joseph F.; Reid, Maria L.; Das, Soma; Mansukhani, Shirley; Lehning, Ellen J.

doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(02)00003-7

Cited by 130 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This measure was chosen because gait observations can provide a simple, relatively sensitive and reliable index of onset and progression of neurological changes during exposure to ACR in rat. That convenient measure can be applied during mechanistic studies of neurotoxicity (19). To measure gait abnormalities, rats were placed in a clear plexiglass box (90 Â 90 cm) and were observed for 3 min (19,20), and a gait score was assigned from 1 to 4 according to the criteria of numerical gait score for ACR (19), i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylamide-Induced Changes in the Neurofilament Protein of Rat Cerebrum Fractions

et al. 2005

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Acrylamide (ACR) is known to produce central-peripheral distal axonopathy, which is characterized by distal swellings and secondary degeneration both in experimental animals and human. Ultrastructurally, excessive accumulation of neurofilaments (NFs) in the distal swollen axon is a major pathological hallmark. However, the mechanisms of ACR axonopathy remain unknown. Twenty seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Lower and higher ACR groups were received 20 and 40 mg/kg ACR by i.p. injection respectively. The control group received physiological saline. All rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment and their cerebrums were dissected, homogenized and used for the determination of the NF proteins. In general, the levels of light NF (NF-L) and medium NF (NF-M) subunits increased consistently in the supernatant, whereas they decreased consistently in the pellet from rats treated with ACR. Compared to that of the control group, the levels of NF-L increased respectively by 104% and 45% (P<0.01) in the supernatant and decreased by 16% and 11% (P<0.01) in the pellet of rat cerebrums in lower and higher groups. The enhancement of NF-M was 76% and 147% (P<0.05, P<0.01) in supernatant, and the reduction was 26% and 36% (P<0.01) in pellet in lower and higher group respectively. The heavy NF (NF-H) level changed slightly. The present results suggested that the change of NF-L and NF-M levels in cerebrum might be relevant to the mechanisms of the neurofilamentous axonopathies induced by ACR.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylamide-Induced Changes in the Neurofilament Protein of Rat Cerebrum Fractions

et al. 2005

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“…The gait scores were examined according to the methods described by LoPachin et al [12]. Rats were placed in a clear plexiglass box and were observed for 3 min.…”

Section: The Behavioral Index (Gait Scores) Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acrylamide on the Nervous Tissue Antioxidant System and Sciatic Nerve Electrophysiology in the Rat

et al. 2008

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To investigate the time-dependent effects of acrylamide (ACR) on the antioxidative status in rat nerve tissues, adult male Wistar rats were given ACR (40 mg/kg, i.p., 3 times/week) for 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks, respectively. The time-dependent changes of the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidative status (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; glutathione reductase, GR; superoxide dismutase, SOD and anti-reactive oxygen species, anti-ROS) in nerve tissues were investigated. The electrophysiology indices (nerve conduction velocity, NCV; compound action potential duration, CAPD; compound action potential amplitude, CAPA; compound action potential latency, CAPL) in the sciatic nerve were determined using BL-420E Biologic Function Determining System. The results showed that MDA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in nerve tissues, while GSH levels markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in a time-dependent manner. SOD activity (in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve) and GR activity (in the sciatic nerve) increased significantly after 4 weeks ACR treatment (P < 0.01), but then decreased (P < 0.05). The anti-ROS activity in the sciatic nerve was markedly decreased at the end of week 6 and 10 (P < 0.01). The above indices changed most in the sciatic nerve. The levels of GSH, MDA and anti-ROS in rat sciatic nerve were in high correlation (P < 0.05, |r| > 0.80) with the electrophysiology indices according to the exposure time. Thus, ACR-induced neurotoxicity may be associated with the enhancement of lipid peroxidation and reduction of the antioxidative capacity. Depletion of neural GSH level might be one of the primary events in ACR-induced neuropathy.

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“…The LD 50 of NIPA-M to kill 50% neurons was 5 to 8 mmol/L. 41 Our histological evidence showed that epicardial fat and GP contained the greatest concentration of MNP, suggesting that the concentration of NIPA-M in the GP would be much higher than the LD 50 . This may explain the finding that significant suppression of the GP function was observed 2 hours after intracoronary infusion of the MNP.…”

Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Autonomic Denervation With Magnetic Nanoparticles

Scherlag

Dormer

et al. 2010

Circulation

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Neurological Evaluation of Toxic Axonopathies in Rats: Acrylamide and 2,5-Hexanedione

Cited by 130 publications

References 31 publications

Acrylamide-Induced Changes in the Neurofilament Protein of Rat Cerebrum Fractions

Acrylamide-Induced Changes in the Neurofilament Protein of Rat Cerebrum Fractions

Effects of Acrylamide on the Nervous Tissue Antioxidant System and Sciatic Nerve Electrophysiology in the Rat

Autonomic Denervation With Magnetic Nanoparticles

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