Neurological Deficit and Extent of Neuronal Necrosis Attributable to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

García, Julio Herrero; Wagner, Simone; Liu, Kai-Feng; Hu, Xiao-jiang

doi:10.1161/01.str.26.4.627

Cited by 1,227 publications

(773 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A wide range of neurologic scores have been developed that attempt to mimic the clinical situation. They range from a simple 0 to 5 score based primarily on forelimb retraction (Bederson et al, 1986) to a slightly more detailed assessment that includes sensory response to stimuli (Garcia et al, 1995). Often this approach is preferred because neurologic scores are easy to perform, fast, and require very little equipment or expertise.…”

Section: Surrogates For Outcome Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Outcome after Stroke: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence

Farr

Wegener

2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Despite promising results in preclinical stroke research, translation of experimental data into clinical therapy has been difficult. One reason is the heterogeneity of the disease with outcomes ranging from complete recovery to continued decline. A successful treatment in one situation may be ineffective, or even harmful, in another. To overcome this, treatment must be tailored according to the individual based on identification of the risk of damage and estimation of potential recovery. Neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could be the tool for a rapid comprehensive assessment in acute stroke with the potential to guide treatment decisions for a better clinical outcome. This review describes current MRI techniques used to characterize stroke in a preclinical research setting, as well as in the clinic. Furthermore, we will discuss current developments and the future potential of neuroimaging for stroke outcome prediction.

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Section: Surrogates For Outcome Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Outcome after Stroke: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence

Farr

Wegener

2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Clinical signs of stroke were assessed by daily neurologic examinations, including contralateral forelimb extension, circling behavior, or other motor dysfunction (Garcia et al, 1995). When an R + /A + mouse developed these signs, the mouse was euthanized with Nembutal (150 mg/ kg intraperitoneally), and an age-matched R + /A + mouse without signs of stroke and an age-matched control mouse were euthanized.…”

Section: Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress through Activation of NAD(P)H Oxidase in Hypertensive Mice with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage

Wakisaka

Miller

Chu

et al. 2008

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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We have developed an experimental model of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in transgenic mice expressing human renin and human angiotensinogen (R + /A + ) treated with highsalt diet and N x -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). We investigated whether oxidative stress is associated with spontaneous ICH in R + /A + mice. R + /A + mice on high-salt diet and L-NAME presented neurologic signs 57±13 (mean±s.e.m.) days after the start of treatment. Intracranial hemorrhage was shown with histologic examination. Levels of superoxide in brain homogenate were significantly increased in R + /A + mice with ICH (118±10 RLU per sec per mg; RLU, relative light unit) compared with age-matched control mice (19 ± 1) and R + /A + mice without ICH (53 ± 3). NAD(P)H oxidase activity was significantly higher in R + /A + mice with ICH (34,933±2,420 RLU per sec per mg) than in control mice (4,984 ± 248) and R + /A + mice without ICH (15,069 ± 917). These results suggest that increased levels of superoxide are due, at least in part, to increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity preceded signs of ICH, and increased further when R + /A + mice developed ICH. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to spontaneous ICH in chronic hypertension.

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“…Neurobehavioral deficit scoring was based on the 18 point scale described by (Garcia et al 1995), as used previously in our laboratory (Zhang et al, 2005). Neurological status was scored at 24 hours after the ischemia.…”

Section: Neurobehavioral Deficit Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection by tamoxifen in focal cerebral ischemia is not mediated by an agonist action at estrogen receptors but is associated with antioxidant activity

Zhang

Milatović²,

Aschner³

et al. 2007

Experimental Neurology

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We have previously shown that tamoxifen can induce marked neuroprotection after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats and have described two possible mechanisms of action: namely inhibition of EAA release and inhibition of nNOS activity. In this study we tested other potential mechanisms. Namely, agonist action at estrogen receptors and an antioxidative action. Tamoxifentreated rats had significantly improved neurobehavioral deficit scores after 24 hours and showed ∼75% reduced infarct volumes. These were unaffected by ICI 182,780 (a high affinity and pure receptor antagonist) administered intravenously, or intracisternally to avoid possible lack of brain penetration, 15 minutes before intravenous administration of tamoxifen. In rats subjected to 2 hours MCAo followed by 22 hours reperfusion, a 1.8-fold and 2.9-fold increase of F 2 -IsoPs and F 4 neuroprostanes, respectively, as relatively stable markers of oxidative damage, were measured in the ischemic hemisphere compared with the corresponding contralateral hemisphere or sham controls. Tamoxifen given at 3 hours after the start of ischemia reduced the IsoPs and NeuroPs to sham control levels, and also inhibited their production by chemically induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates. These data are consistent with at least part of tamoxifen's marked neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemic injury being due to its antioxidant activity but not by an acute action on estrogen receptors (212 words).

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Neurological Deficit and Extent of Neuronal Necrosis Attributable to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

Cited by 1,227 publications

References 26 publications

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Outcome after Stroke: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Outcome after Stroke: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence

Oxidative Stress through Activation of NAD(P)H Oxidase in Hypertensive Mice with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage

Neuroprotection by tamoxifen in focal cerebral ischemia is not mediated by an agonist action at estrogen receptors but is associated with antioxidant activity

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