Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

Billioux, Bridgette Jeanne; Smith, Bryan; Nath, Avindra

doi:10.1007/s13311-016-0457-z

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Complications collectively referred to as 'post-Ebola syndrome' , including musculoskeletal pain, headache and ocular problems, have been noted in a number of survivors of filovirus infection [24][25][26][27][28][29] . In rare cases, encephalitis has also been noted [30][31][32][33] . Filoviruses have also been detected by PCR and/or virus isolation in the breast milk 34,35 and semen [36][37][38][39] of survivors.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Cross

Mire

Feldmann

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Drug Discov

106

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| The filoviruses -Ebola virus and Marburg virus -cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Filoviruses present a global health threat both as naturally acquired diseases and as potential agents of bioterrorism. In the recent 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus, the most promising therapies for post-exposure use with demonstrated efficacy in the gold-standard NHP models of filovirus disease were unable to show statistically significant protection in patients infected with Ebola virus. This Review briefly discusses these failures and what has been learned from these experiences, and summarizes the current status of post-exposure medical countermeasures in development, including antibodies, small interfering RNA and small molecules. We outline how our current knowledge could be applied to the identification of novel interventions and ways to use interventions more effectively. R E V I E W SNATURE REVIEWS | DRUG DISCOVERY VOLUME 17 | JUNE 2018 | 413 © 2 0 1 8 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d , p a r t o f S p r i n g e r N a t u r e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . AstheniaMuscular weakness. MyalgiaMuscular pain. ArthralgiaJoint pain. LeukopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. LymphocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. ThrombocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating thrombocytes, also known as platelets.and Ebolavirus. The Marburgvirus genus contains a single species, Marburg marburgvirus, which contains two members, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). The Ebolavirus genus consists of five distinct species: Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Reston ebolavirus (RESTV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Tai Forest ebolavirus (TAFV; previously termed 'Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus' but more commonly known as 'Ivory Coast ebolavirus') and Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). MARV, RAVV, BDBV, SUDV and EBOV are important human pathogens, with case fatality rates often up to 90% for MARV, RAVV and EBOV, and around 55% for SUDV 8,10 . On the basis of two small outbreaks in 2007 and 2012, BDBV seems to be the least pathogenic, with a case fatality rate of about 40-48% 11,12 . In 1994, TAFV was associated with a number of deaths in chimpanzees and a single symptomatic but non-lethal human infection in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire 13,14 . RESTV is lethal for macaques but is not thought to cause disease in humans 15 . An outbreak of RESTV was reported in pigs in the Philippines in 2008; however, it remains uncertain whether the disease observed in the pigs was caused by RESTV or other agents reported to have co-infected the animals 16 . Clinical manifestationsClinical and laboratory signs of disease caused by filovirus infection are nonspecific and usually associated with an incubation period of 2-21 days (mean 4-10 days) 8,17 . Illness begins with an abrupt onset of fever, astheni...

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Cross

Mire

Feldmann

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Drug Discov

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…During pathogenesis, EBOV can pass through the bloodbrain barrier (Sagui et al, 2015;Billioux et al, 2016) and enter the brain. Cases of clinical latency or persistence of EBOV in ocular fluid or the brain may be due to migration of virally infected cells into these areas during this time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral persistence has been documented in other compartments as well, including the eyes, brain, breast milk, and vaginal secretions (Rodriguez et al, 1999;Varkey et al, 2015;Billioux et al, 2016;Chancellor et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Exosomal VP40 in Ebola Virus Disease

Pleet

DeMarino

Lepene

et al. 2017

DNA and Cell Biology

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Ebola virus (EBOV) can cause a devastating hemorrhagic disease, leading to death in a short period of time. After infection, the resulting EBOV disease results in high levels of circulating cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and bystander lymphocyte apoptosis in humans and nonhuman primates. The VP40 matrix protein of EBOV is essential for viral assembly and budding from the host cell. Recent data have shown that VP40 exists in the extracellular environment, including in exosomes, and exosomal VP40 can impact the viability of recipient immune cells, including myeloid and T cells, through the regulation of the RNAi and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport pathways. In this study, we discuss the latest findings of the impact of exosomal VP40 on immune cells in vitro and its potential implications for pathogenesis in vivo.

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“…Following an Ebola outbreak in West Africa, neurologic complications including seizures, memory loss, headaches, cranial nerve abnormalities and tremor were noted in a large number of patients. 25 The mechanisms how Ebola affects the CNS is unknown, and treatment is still mainly supportive.…”

Section: Tick-borne Encephalitis (Tbe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Advances in Acute Viral Meningitis: Any Novelty for the Physician?

Karcıoğlu¹,

Yılmaz²

2018

Emerg Med Open J

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Acute viral meningitis (AVM) constitute an important cause of mortality and neurological morbidity within the last decades, in spite of all diagnostic and therapeutic advances in medical technology. Diagnostic procedures consist of lumbar puncture, hemoculture, complete blood cell count (including, leukocytes), procalcitonin, lactate and glucose to give an overall insight for disease; while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses (urine reagent strips, glucose, protein, and microscopic examination) are used to diagnose herpetic meningeal involvement and most other viral infections affecting central nervous system (CNS). Findings in blood and CSF work-up after a clinical index of suspicion result in a high yield of diagnosis. Technological advances should be coupled with clinical findings to produce an accurate clinical management in the target population. This review is intended to analyze the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, findings on examination, and diagnostic tools to be utilized in patients suspected to have AVM in light of recent advances and research data, and to culminate up-to-date concept of AVM for primary care and emergency physicians.

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Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

The Role of Exosomal VP40 in Ebola Virus Disease

Diagnostic Advances in Acute Viral Meningitis: Any Novelty for the Physician?

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