Neurologic History, Neuroanatomy, and Neurologic Examination

Lorenz, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0651-2.10001-3

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Neurological and physical examinations were performed weekly on all affected dogs beginning at 5 weeks of age. Neurological dysfunction was assessed subjectively by standard clinical neurological examination (Lorenz et al 2011). Components of the neurological examination include observation (mentation, posture, gait and movement abnormalities); cranial nerve evaluation; postural reaction testing (proprioception, hopping, wheelbarrow, tactile placement and extensor postural thrust); segmental reflexes (myotatic and withdrawal); and sensory evaluation (nociception and hyperesthesia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Sanders

Kanazono

Wininger

et al. 2011

Genes, Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in the central nervous system and other tissues. One of the most prominent clinical signs of NCL is progressive decline in cognitive function. We previously described a frame shift mutation of TPP1 in miniature long-haired Dachshunds which causes an early-onset form of NCL analogous to classical late-infantile onset NCL (CLN2) in children. Dogs homozygous for the TPP1 mutation exhibit progressive neurological signs similar to those exhibited by human patients. In order to establish biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of ongoing therapeutic studies in this canine model, we characterized phenotypic changes in 13 dogs through 9 months of age. Cognitive function was assessed using a T-maze reversal learning task. Cognitive dysfunction was detected in affected dogs as early as 6 months of age and worsened as the disease progressed. Physical and neurological examination, funduscopy, and electroretinography (ERG) were performed at regular intervals. Only changes in ERG responses revealed signs of disease progression earlier than the reversal learning task. In the later stages of the disease clinical signs of visual and motor deficits became evident. The visual and motor deficits were not severe enough to affect the performance of dogs in the T-maze. Declining performance on the reversal learning task is a sensitive measure of higher order cognitive dysfunction which can serve as a useful biomarker of disease progression.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Sanders

Kanazono

Wininger

et al. 2011

Genes, Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Its total cell count and protein concentration can provide useful information for differentiating between inflammatory, neoplastic and degenerative processes, and the differential cell count and cellular morphology can further define the pathological process (Lorenz and Kornegay 2004). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 20 calves after storage for 24 hours

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Samples of CSF collected from 20 normal healthy calves were analysed either immediately or after having been stored for 24 hours at 4 degrees C in the presence of 11 per cent autologous serum. There were no significant differences between the total and differential cells counts of the fresh and stored samples, but there was a positive linear correlation between them. There were some morphological changes to the nuclei of the mononuclear cells in the stored samples.

show abstract

“…Potential candidates for the procedure were dogs that had suffered a severe SCI, including loss of behavioral response to painfully noxious stimuli applied to the hindquarters (ie, loss of “deep pain”) plus loss of conscious control of urination. The owners of these cases were managing bladder emptying by manual expression or intermittent catheterization, but had encountered difficulties with fully expressing the bladder and recurrent urinary infections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an Implanted Sacral Nerve Stimulator to Restore Urine Voiding in Chronically Paraplegic Dogs

Granger

Chew

Fairhurst³

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Loss of urinary control after spinal cord injury increases risk of urinary tract disease and is problematical for owners of affected dogs.Objectives: To design, implant, and test a sacral nerve stimulating device for controlling urine voiding in paraplegic dogs.Animals: Nine pet dogs with severe thoracolumbar spinal cord injury causing paraplegia, loss of hindquarter sensation, and incontinence for more than 3 months. The procedure was offered prospectively to owners of suitable candidates after the irreversibility of the incontinence had been ascertained.Methods: Open label clinical study. Surgically implantable electrode "books" were designed for insertion and retention of mixed sacral nerves. Sacral nerves were accessed via laminectomy and stimulated to test their ability to elicit detrusor contraction and then inserted into the electrode book, which was attached to a subcutaneously implanted, externally activated receiver.Results: In 8/9 dogs, S2 nerves elicited the largest increases in intravesicular pressure with minimum stimulation and were placed in electrode books. Voiding efficiency was >90% in 8 of the 9 implanted dogs. No important detrimental effects of the procedure were observed.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This sacral nerve stimulating implant is a simple and apparently effective neuroprosthetic device that restores urine voiding in paraplegic dogs.

show abstract

Neurologic History, Neuroanatomy, and Neurologic Examination

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 20 calves after storage for 24 hours

Use of an Implanted Sacral Nerve Stimulator to Restore Urine Voiding in Chronically Paraplegic Dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About