Neurologic Evaluation of the Rat during Sciatic Nerve Block with Lidocaine

Thalhammer, J. G.; Vladimirova, Marina; Bershadsky, Boris; Strichartz, Gary R.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199504000-00026

Cited by 277 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Under brief isoflurane-oxygen anesthesia, a 23G needle was introduced postero-medial to the greater trochanter, until bone was contacted, and 0.6 mL of test solution was injected over the sciatic nerve. Thermal nociception was assessed by a modified hotplate test, and motor function via a weight-bearing test (SI Materials and Methods) (13,37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged duration local anesthesia with minimal toxicity

Epstein-Barash

Shichor

Kwon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

154

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Injectable local anesthetics that would last for many days could have a marked impact on periprocedural care and pain management. Formulations have often been limited in duration of action, or by systemic toxicity, local tissue toxicity from local anesthetics, and inflammation. To address those issues, we developed liposomal formulations of saxitoxin (STX), a compound with ultrapotent local anesthetic properties but little or no cytotoxicity. In vitro, the release of bupivacaine and STX from liposomes depended on the lipid composition and on whether dexamethasone was incorporated. In cell culture, bupivacaine, but not STX, was myotoxic (to C2C12 cells) and neurotoxic (to PC12 cells) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Liposomal formulations containing combinations of the above compounds produced sciatic nerve blockade lasting up to 7.5 days (with STX + dexamethasone liposomes) in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Systemic toxicity only occurred where high loadings of dexamethasone increased the release of liposomal STX. Mild myotoxicity was only seen in formulations containing bupivacaine. There was no nerve injury on Epon-embedded sections, and these liposomes did not up-regulate the expression of 4 genes associated with nerve injury in the dorsal root ganglia. These results suggest that controlled release of STX and similar compounds can provide very prolonged nerve blocks with minimal systemic and local toxicity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged duration local anesthesia with minimal toxicity

Epstein-Barash

Shichor

Kwon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thalhammer et al 11 All animals were analyzed before treatment (baseline) and at the end of the experiment, to observe if they recovered their normal function.…”

Section: Local Anesthetic Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of opioids on local anesthesia in the rat: a codeine and tramadol study

et al. 2013

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Opioids are central analgesics that act on the CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system). We investigated the effects of codeine (COD) and tramadol (TRAM) on local anesthesia of the sciatic nerve. Eighty Wistar male rats received the following SC injections in the popliteal fossa: local anesthetic with epinephrine (LA); local anesthetic without vasoconstrictor (LA WV); COD; TRAM; LA + COD; LA + TRAM; COD 20 minutes prior to LA (COD 20' + LA) or TRAM 20 minutes prior to LA (TRAM 20' + LA). As a nociceptive function, the blockade was considered the absence of a paw withdraw reflex. As a motor function, it was the absence of claudication. As a proprioceptive function, it was the absence of hopping and tactile responses. All data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Opioids showed a significant increase in the level of anesthesia, and the blockade duration of LA + COD was greater than that of the remaining groups (p < 0.05). The associated use of opioids improved anesthesia efficacy. This could lead to a new perspective in controlling dental pain.

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“…These results indicate that the FNC work well on sciatic nerve branches with different sizes, and consequently can be used to evoke different patterns of muscle activation. Furthermore, we stimulated the sciatic branches with corresponding T ch that provides the most energy‐efficiency stimulation 43. This possibly indicates a paradigm‐shift approach of restoring signals for bionic limb using wireless and multiple FNCs implanted on smaller nerve branches, in contrast to bulky multichannel cuff‐types electrodes required for precise selective stimulation techniques 6…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…During tibial nerve stimulation, the GC muscle was activated more than the TA muscle, and ankle extension (plantar‐flexion) with leg stretch was visible. To verify whether the muscle activation was a result of the nerve stimulation, we applied lidocaine for blocking nerve function43 to the CP nerve and conducted the same stimulation procedure again after 10 min (Figure 5d). The CP nerve was blocked completely, and no stimulation‐evoked electromyogram (EMG) signals were observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, we performed the most energy‐efficient stimulation on the branches using the pulse width which is equal to each chronxie ( T ch ) 43. It also indicates that multiple wireless FNCs applied to each most energy‐efficient stimulation parameter for individual target nerves would be effective in improving the stimulus selectivity as well as eliminating the efforts of selective stimulation techniques through the main sciatic nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward Bioelectronic Medicine—Neuromodulation of Small Peripheral Nerves Using Flexible Neural Clip

et al. 2017

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Neural modulation technology and the capability to affect organ function have spawned the new field of bioelectronic medicine. Therapeutic interventions depend on wireless bioelectronic neural interfaces that can conformally and easily attach to small (few hundred micrometers) nerves located deep in the body without neural damage. Besides size, factors like flexibility and compliance to attach and adapt to visceral nerves associated moving organs are of paramount importance and have not been previously addressed. This study proposes a novel flexible neural clip (FNC) that can be used to interface with a variety of different peripheral nerves. To illustrate the flexibility of the design, this study stimulates the pelvic nerve, the vagus nerve, and branches of the sciatic nerve and evaluates the feasibility of the design in modulating the function of each of these nerves. It is found that this FNC allows fine‐tuning of physiological processes such as micturition, heart rate, and muscle contractions. Furthermore, this study also tests the ability of wirelessly powered FNC to enable remote modulation of visceral pelvic nerves located deep in the body. These results show that the FNC can be used with a range of different nerves, providing one of the critical pieces in the field of bioelectronics medicines.

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Neurologic Evaluation of the Rat during Sciatic Nerve Block with Lidocaine

Cited by 277 publications

References 27 publications

Prolonged duration local anesthesia with minimal toxicity

Prolonged duration local anesthesia with minimal toxicity

Effects of opioids on local anesthesia in the rat: a codeine and tramadol study

Toward Bioelectronic Medicine—Neuromodulation of Small Peripheral Nerves Using Flexible Neural Clip

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