Neurologic Diseases of Birds and Reptiles

Hedley, Joanna; Kubiak, Marie

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2014.12.004

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Diseases of the central nervous system are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in avian species. The causes of neurologic deficits include infectious (bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal), toxic (organophosphates/carbamates, chloroquine), metabolic (hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hyperlipemia, atherosclerosis), nutritional (vitamin E, thiamine, and selenium deficiencies), traumatic, and neoplastic etiology . The neurologic examination of birds follows that of mammals with modifications specific to avian anatomy, behavior, and physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear in birds of prey

Stańczyk

Gallego

Nowak

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Despite the increasing interest in the clinical neurology of birds, little is known about the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the avian central nervous system, eye, and inner ear. The objective of this cadaveric study was to document the MRI anatomic features of the aforementioned structures using a high-resolution 3.0 Tesla MRI system. The final study group consisted of 13 cadavers of the diurnal birds of prey belonging to six species. Images were acquired in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes using T1-weighted and T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences. A necropsy with macroscopic analysis of the brain and spinal cord was performed on all cadavers. Microscopic examination of the brain was performed on one cadaver of each species; the spinal cord was examined in three subjects. Anatomic structures were identified on the magnetic resonance images based on histologic slices and available literature. Very good resolution of anatomic detail was obtained. The olfactory bulbs; cerebral hemispheres; diencephalon; optic lobe; cerebellum; pons; ventricular system; optic, trigeminal, and facial nerves; pineal and pituitary glands; as well as the semicircular canals of the inner ear were identified. Exquisite detail was achieved on the ocular structures. In the spinal cord, the gray and white matter differentiation and the glycogen body were identified. This study establishes normal MRI anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear of the birds of prey; and may be used as a reference in the assessment of neurologic disorders or visual impairment in this group of birds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear in birds of prey

Stańczyk

Gallego

Nowak

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Open fractures of the shell are associated with a high risk of secondary infections and death of the patient . Shell fractures are always followed with massive bleeding from the bone marrow and/or vessels and if the lesions affect the upper part of the carapace in the midline, then possible trauma of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis has to be considered (Barten 1996;Hedley and Kubiak 2015). It is a challenge for the veterinarian to precisely evaluate the extent of shell damage and to provide effective treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The practical use of computed tomography in evaluation of shell lesions in six loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

Spadola¹,

Barillaro²,

Morici³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Six adult loggerhead turtles were found stranded and were rescued near Sicily within a period of 12 months. Macroscopically apparent lesions of the shell were present. After thorough physical examination, ketamine-dexmedetomidine-atipamezole induction and tracheal tube insertion all six patients underwent computed tomographic examination under inhalant anaesthesia with isoflurane. A vertebral lesion at the level of the 3 rd thoracic-lumbar vertebra with vertebral lamina and the vertebral body being involved without compression of the spinal cord, a vertebral lesion at the level of the 7 th thoracic-lumbar vertebra and a vertebral lesion at the level of the 8 th thoracic-lumbar vertebra were recorded in the first female. Loss of the shell near the left carapace-plastron bridge, with massive haemorrhage and compression of organs were present in the second female. The remaining four turtles had only superficial lesions with no involvement of bones and organs of the coelom. Computed tomography was proved to be a valuable non-invasive method for clinical examination of stranded sea turtles.

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Neurology

Platt¹

2019

Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery

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Neurologic Diseases of Birds and Reptiles

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear in birds of prey

3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear in birds of prey

The practical use of computed tomography in evaluation of shell lesions in six loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

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