Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection and Its Treatment in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Kranick, Sarah M.; Nath, Avindra

doi:10.1212/01.con.0000423849.24900.ec

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…John Cunningham virusassociated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) can present in a variety of ways including fulminant encephalopathy. 46,47 Initiation of anti-retroviral therapy can result in CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) encephalitis, including a nonpathogen-associated CNS IRIS, so-called CD8-positive encephalitis. 48 The role of corticosteroids in this group should be discussed with an HIV specialist.…”

Section: Immunocompromised Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand

Britton

Eastwood

Paterson

et al. 2015

Internal Medicine Journal

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Encephalitis is a complex neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the brain parenchyma. The management of encephalitis is challenging because: the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy is broad; there is often rapid disease progression; it often requires intensive supportive management; and there are many aetiologic agents for which there is no definitive treatment. Patients with possible meningoencephalitis are often encountered in the emergency care environment where clinicians must consider differential diagnoses, perform appropriate investigations and initiate empiric antimicrobials. For patients who require admission to hospital and in whom encephalitis is likely, a staged approach to investigation and management is preferred with the potential involvement of multiple medical specialties. Key considerations in the investigation and management of patients with encephalitis addressed in this guideline include: Which first-line investigations should be performed?; Which aetiologies should be considered possible based on clinical features, risk factors and radiological features?; What tests should be arranged in order to diagnose the common causes of encephalitis?; When to consider empiric antimicrobials and immune modulatory therapies?; and What is the role of brain biopsy?

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Section: Immunocompromised Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand

Britton

Eastwood

Paterson

et al. 2015

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…El diagnóstico definitivo se basa en la detección del germen en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR); la toxoplasmosis y el linfoma son las afecciones oportunistas ocupativas de espacio que con más frecuencia se asocian a déficits neurológicos focales [28,29]. El 6% de los pacientes ambulatorios presentaron neuroinfecciones, por lo que la posibilidad diagnóstica no debe ser descartada sin estudios específicos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Manifestaciones Neurológicas en Pacientes Ambulatorios con Diagnóstico de VIH Atendidos en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín.

Sánchez¹,

Chica²,

Mesa

et al. 2016

Rev Med HJCA

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“…Since macrophages are the primary cellular targets of HIV in the brain, inadequate control of HIV in these cells may be needed to treat HAND [4]. Because excellent reviews of CNS penetration and macrophage efficacy recently been published [15,32,50], no further consideration of them will be given here.…”

Section: Combination Art and Treatment Of Hiv-associated Neurocognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least a dozen agents with varying mechanisms have been evaluated, such as memantine, nimodipine, and selegiline. Excellent reviews of these studies have been published (e.g., [1,32]). At this time, no specific treatment is supported by large, high-quality, multicenter, randomized clinical trials.…”

Section: Neuroprotective Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update and New Directions in Therapeutics for Neurological Complications of HIV Infections

Ellis

Letendre

2016

Neurotherapeutics

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Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection and Its Treatment in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 71 publications

References 65 publications

Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand

Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand

Manifestaciones Neurológicas en Pacientes Ambulatorios con Diagnóstico de VIH Atendidos en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín.

Update and New Directions in Therapeutics for Neurological Complications of HIV Infections

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