Neurologic Adverse Events Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in the United States, 2002-2004

Sejvar, James J.; Labutta, Robert J.; Chapman, Louisa E.; Grabenstein, John D.; Iskander, John K.; Lane, John

doi:10.1001/jama.294.21.2744

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, recent data from clinical monitoring suggest that vaccination with replicating vaccinia virus can induce adverse cardiovascular events (30,33). Due to its complications, Dryvax is contraindicated for the vaccination of immune-compromised persons and for use in many other clinical settings (2,3,10,27). It is therefore important to develop a useful vaccination regimen that can reduce the side effects of Dryvax but maintain the vaccine efficacy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coadministration of Cidofovir and Smallpox Vaccine Reduced Vaccination Side Effects but Interfered with Vaccine-Elicited Immune Responses and Immunity to Monkeypox

Wei

Huang

Fortman

et al. 2009

J Virol

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While the smallpox vaccine, Dryvax or Dryvax-derived ACAM2000, holds potential for public immunization against the spread of smallpox by bioterror, there is serious concern about Dryvax-mediated side effects. Here, we report that a single-dose vaccination regimen comprised of Dryvax and an antiviral agent, cidofovir, could reduce vaccinia viral loads after vaccination and significantly control Dryvax vaccination side effects. However, coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax also reduced vaccine-elicited immune responses of antibody and T effector cells despite the fact that the reduced priming could be boosted as a recall response after monkeypox virus challenge. Evaluations of four different aspects of vaccine efficacy showed that coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax compromised the Dryvax-induced immunity against monkeypox, although the covaccinated monkeys exhibited measurable protection against monkeypox compared to that of naïve controls. Thus, the single-dose coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax effectively controlled vaccination side effects but significantly compromised vaccine-elicited immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity to monkeypox.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coadministration of Cidofovir and Smallpox Vaccine Reduced Vaccination Side Effects but Interfered with Vaccine-Elicited Immune Responses and Immunity to Monkeypox

Wei

Huang

Fortman

et al. 2009

J Virol

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“…5,7,8 Other short-term morbidities may be associated with the smallpox vaccine as well. 4,12 Although smallpox vaccinations are currently being monitored for short-term adverse events, 13,14 no surveillance system is in place to monitor potential long-term adverse outcomes. Using data from Millennium Cohort Study responders, the current report describes an examination of potential long-term subjective health consequences of smallpox vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This objective was established because previous studies have reported that 20-40% of smallpox vaccine recipients report headaches following smallpox vaccination. 12,15,16 Additionally, a postvaccination surveillance study of more than 900 laboratory workers found frequent reports of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. 15 However, no differences were found in SF-36V mental component or physical component summary scores among deployed and nondeployed smallpox vaccinees when compared with unvaccinated peers; nor were there increased odds for mental health disorders, symptoms of chronic multisymptom GWOT, global war on terrorism; *Percentages rounded and may not sum to 100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported adverse health events following smallpox vaccination in a large prospective study of US military service members

Wells¹,

LeardMann²,

Smith³

et al. 2008

Human Vaccines

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© 2 0 0 8 L A N D E S B I O S C I E N C E . D O N O T D I S T R I B U T E .vaccination site. 3 Moderate to severe adverse reactions include bullous erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), eczema vaccinatum, generalized vaccinia, progressive vaccinia, and postvaccinal encephalitis. 3 More recently, the Department of Defense resumed smallpox vaccination for US military forces amid growing concerns that smallpox might be employed as a bioterrorist weapon. 4 Following reinstatement, reported adverse events were generally mild in nature, with the exception of an increased risk of myopericarditis predominantly among white males aged 21-44 years of age. Onset of myopericarditis symptoms in these cases occurred between 2 to 25 days following primary vaccination. [5][6][7][8][9] Most evaluations of vaccine safety rely on case series or retrospective reviews of acute health care. In contrast, the Millennium Cohort Study, the largest prospective study in military history designed to follow over 140,000 US service members for 21 years from 2001 through 2022, provides a unique opportunity to evaluate a wide range of subacute or chronic health outcomes potentially associated with smallpox vaccine. 10 ResultsOf the 55,021 Millennium Cohort participants who completed both a baseline and follow-up questionnaire, 45,284 had concordant self-reported and electronic smallpox vaccination records. Individuals vaccinated before taking their baseline survey (n = 74), and individuals vaccinated during the 30 days period prior to starting or while taking their follow-up survey (n = 283) were excluded. In addition, individuals who deployed to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) before completing their baseline survey (n = 2,378), completed their follow-up survey during a deployment (n = 1,672), or who were missing demographic or military covariate data (n = 405) were excluded. After exclusion criteria were applied, 40,472 individuals remained for analysis, 8,793 of whom received the smallpox vaccine and 31,679 who did not.The population was stratified by deployment status to GWOT, and characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals

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“…Many times, editors refuse to accept any such comments or to publish corrections of any form whatsoever. One time, a correction was published, with even more errors than I had detected [77], but my comments were only accepted elsewhere [78]. On several occasions, I have been lectured by others on the basis of my disagreement with policy opinions rendered by professional social science organizations, along the lines of "how dare you disagree with organization XYZ!"…”

Section: Rejection By Other Scholarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conservative’s View from the Academic Trenches: Reply to Duarte, Crawford, Stern, Haidt, Jussim, and Tetlock (2015)

Schumm¹

2016

JBBS

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Although conservative scholars may face a variety of forms of discrimination in academia and other challenges, as elaborated in the first part of this comment, they may also have a set of unique advantages that may facilitate more careful theoretical and empirical scientific work. They may be more sensitive to flawed methodologies in some areas of controversy. In such areas, these assets of conservative scholars may be especially important.

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Neurologic Adverse Events Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in the United States, 2002-2004

Cited by 92 publications

References 41 publications

Coadministration of Cidofovir and Smallpox Vaccine Reduced Vaccination Side Effects but Interfered with Vaccine-Elicited Immune Responses and Immunity to Monkeypox

Coadministration of Cidofovir and Smallpox Vaccine Reduced Vaccination Side Effects but Interfered with Vaccine-Elicited Immune Responses and Immunity to Monkeypox

Self-reported adverse health events following smallpox vaccination in a large prospective study of US military service members

A Conservative’s View from the Academic Trenches: Reply to Duarte, Crawford, Stern, Haidt, Jussim, and Tetlock (2015)

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