Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome after Posterior Spinal Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis under General Anesthesia in a Patient with a Heavy Drinking Habit：A Case Report

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in fields other than psychiatry

“…The major reason for drug administration was postoperative restlessness, 18,19,25,27,28,30–34,36–39,44,46,52–55,57–59,61–64,67–70,72,75,78,81,84,86,89 followed by nausea 19,22,24,33,42,51,55,59,61,73,80,86 and delirium 35,40,49,56,71,72,74,82,87,88 (Table 10). Haloperidol caused the highest number of NMS cases, 17–19,25–33,35–40,44,46,53–59,61–64,67,69,74–76,81,82,86,87,89 followed by metoclopramide, 19,24,42,55,60,73,77,86 quetiapine, 52,56,70–72 droperidol, 33,34,51,61 and risperidone 41,52,72,84 (Table 11). Although the results indicated that haloperidol was the drug most commonly used to cure postoperative delirium, statistical analysis is needed to determine whether haloperidol is a significant cause of NMS.…”

“…We performed a review of NMS case reports from clinicians other than psychiatrists in English and Japanese literature. They could be classified into two groups: (1) cases in which NMS onset was triggered by administering causative drugs 17–19,22–89 and (2) cases in which NMS developed from disruption of regular medication (Tables 7 and 8). 8,16,90–114 An example of the former is a case in which antipsychotic drugs were administered for postoperative delirium; an example of the latter is a case in which regular medication (i.e., antipsychotic drugs) to treat schizophrenia was discontinued temporarily because of general anesthesia.…”

“…The physical conditions of trauma patients were relatively severe compared with those with other diseases. The major reason for drug administration was postoperative restlessness, 18,19,25,27,28,30–34,36–39,44,46,52–55,57–59,61–64,67–70,72,75,78,81,84,86,89 followed by nausea 19,22,24,33,42,51,55,59,61,73,80,86 and delirium 35,40,49,56,71,72,74,82,87,88 (Table 10). Haloperidol caused the highest number of NMS cases, 17–19,25–33,35–40,44,46,53–59,61–64,67,69,74–76,81,82,86,87,89 followed by metoclopramide, 19,24,42,55,60,73,77,86 quetiapine, 52,56,70–72 droperidol, 33,34,51,61 and risperidone 41,52,72,84 (Table 11).…”