Neuroimmunology of Atopic Dermatitis

Steinhoff, Annekatrin; Steinhoff, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_18

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The keratinocytes contain various neurotransmitters and receptors like opioids, proteases, substance P (SP), nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 4, µ/κ-opioid receptors, proteinase activated receptor 2, tropomyosin-related kinase A, transient receptor potential vanilloid ion channels, and cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 [20]. Peripheral nerve fibers, which are closely packed in the skin, sense environmental stimuli such as sensory perception, mechanical stimulation, and temperature.…”

Section: Pathway and Mechanisms Of General Pruritusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Burn Pruritus

Chung

Kim

Jung

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Post-burn pruritus is the pruritus that occurs after burn during the rehabilitation and healing process of burn wounds. The post-burn pruritus is a common and serious complication of burn injury, which severely lowers the quality of life of the patient. Many potential treatments are available for pruritus but there is no consensus of the best single treatment yet. The precise mechanism of post-burn pruritus has not been elucidated, but it appears to have pruritogenic and neuropathic aspects. Clinically, post-burn pruritus tends to be intractable to conventional treatment but rather responds to neuroleptic agents, such as gabapentin and pregabalin. During wound healing, various neuropeptides secreted from the nerves of the skin control epidermal and vascular proliferation and connective tissue cells. When keratinocytes are activated by an itch-inducing substance, they secrete a variety of inflammatory substances that increase the susceptibility of the itch receptor. There are two mechanisms underlying post-burn neuropathic pruritus. The first one is peripheral sensitization. The second one is the intact nociceptor hypothesis. An effective treatment for post-burn pruritus will also be effective in other neuropathic and intractable itching. In this review, we summarized the interaction and mechanism of keratinocytes, immune cells, and nerve fibers related to post-burn pruritus.

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Section: Pathway and Mechanisms Of General Pruritusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratinocyte secretes a variety of inflammatory substances which induce pruritus; histamine, calcitonin gene related peptides (CGRP), Substance P, etc. [20]…”

Section: Keratinocytementioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Burn Pruritus

Chung

Kim

Jung

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…31,58 This reaction is driven by trapping of Pd 0 (7) by O 2 , which is proposed to be the turnover limiting step during this phase of the reaction (Table 2). 103,104 No build-up of Pd I dimer 2 is observed after the burst phase due to the low steady-state concentration of the DAF/Pd II -acetate species available to trap Pd 0 species generated in the reductive elimination step. The reaction of O 2 with the Pd 0 species 7 is proposed to proceed in a manner similar to previously reported reactions between O 2 and related well-defined nitrogen-chelated Pd 0 model complexes.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Post-burst Phase Of The Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Aerobic Allylic C–H Acetoxylation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)₂/4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one

et al. 2019

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Allylic C-H acetoxylations are among the most widely studied palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H oxidation reactions. While the principal reaction steps are well established, key features of the catalytic mechanisms are poorly characterized, including the identity of the turnover-limiting step and the catalyst resting state. Here, we report a mechanistic study of aerobic allylic acetoxylation of allylbenzene with a catalyst system composed of Pd(OAc) 2 and 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (DAF). The DAF ligand is unique in its ability to support aerobic catalytic turnover, even in the absence of benzoquinone or other co-catalysts. Herein, we describe operando spectroscopic analysis of the catalytic reaction using X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopic methods that allow direct observation of the formation and decay of a palladium(I) species during the reaction. Kinetic studies reveal the presence of two distinct kinetic phases: (1) a burst phase, involving rapid formation of the allylic acetoxylation product and formation of the dimeric Pd I complex [Pd I (DAF)(OAc)] 2 , followed by (2) a post-burst phase that coincides with evolution of the catalyst resting state from the Pd I dimer into a π-allyl-Pd II species. The data provide unprecedented insights into the role of ancillary ligands in supporting catalytic turnover with O 2 as the stoichiometric oxidant and establish an important foundation for the development of improved catalysts for allylic oxidation reactions.

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“…Implementation and notation for this commonly applied model vary across previous works. 17,20,24,33,37,40,41,[49][50][51] The implementation given here is based on Refs. 17,18,20,33.…”

Section: Hbd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work on MD-based EPR simulations disregarded the dynamic information contained in the MD trajectories and used a diffusion tensor only as a fitting parameter when modeling experimental data. 17,18,37 Finally, the resulting stochastic orientational trajectories are converted to interaction tensor trajectories.…”

Section: Hbd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory-Based Simulation of EPR Spectra: Models of Rotational Motion for Spin Labels on Proteins

et al. 2019

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Direct time-domain simulation of continuous-wave (CW) EPR spectra from molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories has become increasingly popular, especially for proteins labeled with nitroxide spin labels. Due to the time-consuming nature of simulating adequately long MD trajectories, two approximate methods have been developed to reduce the MD trajectory length required for modeling EPR spectra: hindered Brownian diffusion (HBD) and hidden Markov models (HMMs). Here, we assess the accuracy of these two approximate methods relative to direct simulations from MD trajectories for three spin-labeled protein systems (a simple helical peptide, a soluble protein, and a membrane protein) and two nitroxide spin labels with differing mobilities (R1 and TOAC). We find that the HMMs generally outperform HBD. Although R1 dynamics partially resembles hindered Brownian diffusion (HBD), HMMs accommodate the multiple dynamic timescales for the transitions between rotameric states of R1 that cannot be captured accurately by a HBD model, even when a three-angle orientational potential and recently developed estimation methods for the rotational diffusion tensor are utilized. We show that TOAC dynamics closely resembles slow multi-site exchange between twist-boat and chair ring puckering states, and we establish for the first time that this motion is modeled well by a HMM with up to four states, but not by HBD. All MD trajectory data processing, stochastic trajectory simulations, and CW EPR spectral simulations are implemented in EasySpin, a free software package for MATLAB.

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Neuroimmunology of Atopic Dermatitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 91 publications

Post-Burn Pruritus

Post-Burn Pruritus

Operando Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Aerobic Allylic C–H Acetoxylation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)₂/4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one

Trajectory-Based Simulation of EPR Spectra: Models of Rotational Motion for Spin Labels on Proteins

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Neuroimmunology of Atopic Dermatitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 91 publications

Post-Burn Pruritus

Post-Burn Pruritus

Operando Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Aerobic Allylic C–H Acetoxylation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one

Trajectory-Based Simulation of EPR Spectra: Models of Rotational Motion for Spin Labels on Proteins

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Operando Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Aerobic Allylic C–H Acetoxylation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)₂/4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one