Neuroimaging of young adults with stroke in Ilorin Nigeria

Oyinloye, Olalekan Ibukun; Nzeh, Donald; Adesiyun, O A M; Ibrahim, Mohammed; Akande, Halimat; Sanya, Emmanuel

doi:10.4103/1596-3519.149897

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The age distribution revealed an increase in stroke prevalence with increase in age as 68% of the patients were between age range of 41 -50 years. This is similar to other hospital based studies in Nigeria [5] [15]. This is not surprising as increasing age is an established risk factor for stroke.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is similar to the 59% for cerebral infarct and 41% for hemorrhagic stroke reported by Owolabi et al [5] but in variance with Oyinloye et al [15] who reported 48.3% for cerebral infarct and 51.7% for hemorrhagic stroke and Sarfo et al [11] who reported 47.5% and 52.5% for ischemic and Hemorrhagic strokes respectively. The variance could stern from the fact that Oyinloye et al [15] reported neuroimaging results at a neuroimaging centre which could be biased as hemorrhagic strokes, which is usually more severe are more likely to do neuroimaging than the ischemic counterpart. Sarfo et al [11] did a multicentre study in Ghana and Nigeria with larger sample size which excluded southeastern Nigeria where this study was carried out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For those that had hemorrhagic stroke, 17.2% were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) while 82.8% had intracerebral hemorrhage. This is similar to 32% and 68% reported by Oyinloye et al [15] Subarachnoid hemorrhage is assuming a big role in the morbidity and mortality of stroke in Nigeria considering its poor prognosis. SAH was more preponderant amongst female patients as 68% were female.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Stroke in Young Adults: Experience at Abakaliki South East Nigeria

Eze¹,

Kalu²,

Isiguzo³

2019

WJNS

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Objectives: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is increasingly common from the sixth decade, but is particularly tragic when it occurs in young adults. There are limited studies of stroke in young adults in Nigeria. It is against this background that we embarked on this prospective hospital based study to determine the epidemiology, pattern and case fatality rate of stroke in young adults in Abakaliki Southeastern part of Nigeria. Patients and Method: The stroke patients between the ages of 18 -50 years admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary health centre at Abakaliki Nigeria from 1st August 2012 to 30th April 2019 were consecutively recruited. They were followed up till discharge. Relevant data like biodata, and clinical features of the patients were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 983 (males-511, females-472) stroke cases were seen with 197 between 18 -50 years. One hundred and fifty two (77%) did neuroimaging (mean age-40.7 years). Eighty-eight (57.9%) had Cerebral infarct (males-42, females-46) while 64 (42.1%) had Hemorrhagic stroke (males-35, females-29). For those that had hemorrhagic stroke, 11 (17.2%) were Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) while 52 (82.8%) were Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The identified risk factors range from hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, HIV infection and chronic use of coffee drinks. Sixteen patients died during the admission with case fatality rate of 10.5%. Conclusion: Stroke is actually prevalent in young adults as 1 in every 5 stroke patients seen was a young adult. In addition to the traditional risk factors, HIV/AIDS and chronic use of coffee drinks were also noted as emerging risk factors. There is need for a continuous health education and strong campaign on primary stroke prevention. Also, there is need for training of more neurologists with interest in stroke management and establishing comprehensive stroke centers at national, regional and local levels in order to contend adequately with the rising burden of stoke in young adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stroke in Young Adults: Experience at Abakaliki South East Nigeria

Eze¹,

Kalu²,

Isiguzo³

2019

WJNS

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“…Few stroke persons were opportune to have a CT scan viz: 5.83% 24, 11.11% [62] in Nigeria, 10% from Madagascar [63] and even 0% from Gambia [64]. More recently, the percentages are increasing gradually as one Nigerian study showed that 40.8% patients had CT brain, while 5.6% had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [65] and 34.9% in Zimbabwe [60]. Yet another Nigerian study on stroke in the young, all the 69 (100%) patients had a brain CT scan [66].…”

Section: Action Taken In the Care Of Stroke In Sub Saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of the Management of Stroke in Sub Saharan Africa: Evaluating Awareness, Access and Action

Ekeh¹

2017

J Pediatr Neurol Med

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“…Neuroimaging is the technique used in the diagnosis and management of the AIS. It plays a major role, as it helps in the differentiation of the hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke where it is important in further management ( 3 ). Despite the therapeutic advances in recurrent ischemic stroke management, it affects the quality of life in most people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for Antiplatelet Therapies in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Clinical Review

et al. 2021

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Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of disability and death. Antiplatelet agents are administered to acute ischemic stroke patients as secondary prevention. Clopidogrel involves biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into an active metabolite, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the efficacy of this biotransformation. Despite the therapeutic advantages of aspirin, there is significant inter-individual heterogeneity in response to this antiplatelet drug. In this clinical review, the recent advances in the biomarkers of antiplatelet agents in acute ischemic stroke are discussed. The studies reviewed herein highlight the clinical relevance of antiplatelet resistance, pharmacotherapy of antiplatelet agents predicting drug response, strategies for identifying aspirin resistance, pharmacogenetic variants of antiplatelet agents, miRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers toward the personalized approach in the management of acute ischemic stroke. The precise pathways contributing to antiplatelet resistance are not very well known but are presumably multi-factorial. It is essential to understand the clinical relevance of clopidogrel and aspirin-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Prasugrel is a next-generation antiplatelet agent that prevents ADP-platelet activation by binding irreversibly to P2Y12 receptor. There are sporadic reports of prasugrel resistance and polymorphisms in the Platelet endothelial aggregation receptor-1 (PEAR1) that may contribute to a change in the pharmacodynamics response. Ticagrelor, a direct-acting P2Y12-receptor antagonist, is easily absorbed and partly metabolized to major AR-C124910XX metabolite (ARC). Ticagrelor's primary active metabolite, ARC124910XX (ARC), is formed via the most abundant hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. The integration of specific biomarkers, genotype as well as phenotype-related data in antiplatelet therapy stratification in patients with acute ischemic stroke will be of great clinical significance and could be used as a guiding tool for more effective, personalized therapy.

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Neuroimaging of young adults with stroke in Ilorin Nigeria

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Stroke in Young Adults: Experience at Abakaliki South East Nigeria

Stroke in Young Adults: Experience at Abakaliki South East Nigeria

Challenges of the Management of Stroke in Sub Saharan Africa: Evaluating Awareness, Access and Action

Biomarkers for Antiplatelet Therapies in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Clinical Review

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